date

[xxxvi. 22] 1821. April 10.
[xxxvi. 22]

1821. April 10.

Financial

2. In an absolute Monarchy, the exemplification of this mode of wasteful expenditure will, of course, be frequent: frequent in proportion to the power the Monarch possesses, or regards himself as possessing, with relation to the community /inhabitants/ of such states as are within his reach.

3. In the case of a limited Monarchy, the practice will, be still more frequent: the propensity still more incessant, and much more intense. For, in this case, whatsoever addition is made to the waste is so much made to the instrument, the existence and use of which is necessary to this species of monarchy, viz. the corruption fund.

II. Distant dependencies
Similar Items
  • Title: [[xxxvi. 35] 1821 April 10 Financial]
    Description: [xxxvi. 35]

    1821 April 10

    Financial

    Rudiments to be [...?] from.

    Sources of wasteful Expenditure. 1. Unnecessary war. 2. Difference between the pay of a Monarch and d o. of the Chief of a Representative Democracy. 3. In particular, all expenditure applied to the maintenance of lustre, splendour, dignity. 4. Expenditure applied to the advancement to purely ornamental art and science. 5. Where the function itself is necessary, expenditure applied to the pay of a superfluous number of functionaries. 6. So pay in superfluous quantity to each or any functionary. 7. Distant dependencies - all dependencies the maintenance of which costs, by reason of their distance, more money than is or can be extracted from them by the governing country in such sort as to operate pro tanto in diminution of the taxes imposed upon it. 8. Encouragement applied to this or that branch of production under the notion of adding to the quantity and value of the whole. 9. Pensions of Retreat see Morn Chron 10th april 1821. African Company Debate. 10. Compensation pensions on reform.

    The sources or modes, actual and customary, of wasteful expenditure, may be distinguished into two classes, having quantity for their mark of distinction, viz. Wholesale and Retail. The wholesale may again be distinguished into those which are essential to the form of Government and those which, howsoever congenial, are incidental to it.

    The matter of wasteful expenditure, essential to the form of Government is in the case of an absolute monarchy the difference between the pay of the Monarch, and the least pay sufficient for the President of a Representative Democracy.

    In the case of a limited Monarchy, it is that same /the above/ quantity with the addition of the quantity employed in the works of corruption and delusion: coruption, applied more immediately to the representatives of the people: delusion, applied more efficiently and needfully to the people themselves.
  • Title: [[xxxvi. 20] 1821. April 10.]
    Description: [xxxvi. 20]

    1821. April 10.

    First Lines

    Constitutional Finance.

    But, for the purpose of corruption, the matter of apt expenditure is never regarded as sufficient: that quantity has its limits: but to the quantity of expenditure for which limited monarchy with its indispensable corruption and delusion fund has a demand - a demand perpetual and irresistable, - there are no limits: to the quantity of wasteful expenditure, for which it has this same demand, there are therefore no limits.
  • Title: [[xxxvi. 21] 1821. April 10 .]
    Description: [xxxvi. 21]

    1821. April 10 .

    Financial

    Remains, that source or mode of wasteful expenditure in the wholesale way which, howsoever congenial, is not essential, to the form of Government. These are - 1. unnecessary wars. 2. Distant, and thence preponderantly expensive, dependencies.

    In a Representative Democracy, unnecessary wars against foreign adversaries can scarcely have existence. For the sake of profit to the supremely ruling body - the people, in whom is the power of appointment and removal with relation to the operatively ruling body - their representatives - it is not possible: but what none of them can avoid seeing, is - that, with reference to the utmost possible profit capable of being reaped at the expence of the people of any other state, the expenditure that must be made is not only /merely/ immediate and certain, but antecedent: as well as, in the ultimate result, greater. Upon their Representatives it is indeed that, in animmediate way, the engaging or not engaging in any such war would depend. But that which, as above, would be manifest to the least reflecting of the two portions of the community, viz. constituents, would be still more manifest to /in the eyes of/ the most reflecting of those same two bodies their Representatives: in their eyes accordingly, of the engaging in any such unnecessary war, non re-election, - that is, removal, and with disgrace, would be the certain consequence.

    Remains, as a /Another/ conceivable cause of unnecessary war against foreign adversaries, irritation. But, if not for the commencement, for the continuance, of a war considered as being thus produced, what is necessary, is - that, in the breasts of the majority of the people, hatred of others should be more strong and efficient than love of self. For a small portion of time, and on the part of a small proportion of the people, such predominance is at any rate conceivable. But, for any considerable portion of time, on the part of the majority of such a people, the nature of man considered, it does not seem possible.