date

[xxxvi. 103] 1822 June 28 Constitut
[xxxvi. 103]

1822 June 28

Constitut. Code Rationale

Supreme Operative

I Monarch absolute

1. Morals

He finds them joining one and all in the assurance that his greatest happiness is the only right and proper end of government: that if the happiness of any other individual is a fit object of regard to him or any one else, it is only in so far as the happiness of the individual subject /servant/ may chance to be an object of regard and sympathy to the universal master.

To /In the eyes of/ this one Member of the community all the others will be objects of regard on the same footing /a footing similar to that/ as working cattle are in the eyes of the proprietor. On the part of an ill-tempered Monarch the treatment experienced by them will be that sort of treatment which is experienced by cattle at the hands of an ill-tempered Master. The best that can happen to them in the hands of the best tempered Monarch is to be treated upon as good a footing as cattle are treated upon by a good tempered Master

But at /in/ the hands of the best tempered Monarch they never will in any instance be treated upon as good a footing as in the hands of a good tempered it is common for his cattle say his horses for example to be treated. His horses will be continually in his presence: in the event of their being ill-treated by the negligence or malice of a servant, the ill treatment they have undergone /suffered/ will manifest itself by visible signs: by the appearance of their suffering the sympathy of the Master will be called into action. Knowing that the quantity of service he can obtain from them without prejudice to their appearance is limited - and that so sure as he endeavours to obtain any more their appearance will and their value in his eyes will be deteriorated he will never work them to excess No determined and permanent resistances to his will being ever opposed by them and The inferiority of their minds to his being manifest, they will on no occasion be the objects of his ill-will or of his anger: among trained horses there is no such thing as a determinately and constantly rebellious horse.
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  • Title: [[xxxvi. 104] 1822 June 28 Constitut]
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    On not near so good a footing are subjects in the eyes and hands of the best-tempered Monarch. Of the whole number of them no more than a very small part at the utmost are ever under his eye: those who are worst treated, those whose sufferings are greatest from the treatment they receive under his government are never, especially while under /enduring/ that treatment, under his eye. Among them /Of this whole number/ there will always be a large portion by which his ill-will his anger will continually be called forth. By Every obstruction afforded by any one of them to the fulfilment of his will his anger will be called forth, and such obstructions howsoever kept under by fear and hope must notwithstanding be universal and continual.

    Whatsoever quantity of the external instruments of felicity he happens at any time to have in his hands or at his immediate command he is never satisfied with it. He never can be satisfied with it so long as he sees around him any other of those instruments that are not equally at his command. In his desires are included those of all the persons attached to his immediate service and of those desires there are not any that are or ever can be compleatly satisfied.

    Seeing that his gain in happiness never can have place but by means of loss to theirs and that by /of/ every such gain loss to theirs to a prodigiously greater amount is a neverfailing accompaniment, what he can not entirely avoid the perception of is - that of the suffering thus produced by him ill-will to an amount more or less considerable in the instance of every such sufferer is liable to be the consequence. In them in a word /Among them in a large though never exactly determinate proportion/ he beholds so many enemies: by the contemplation of enmity on their part enmity on his part is produced In /For/ the gratification of this enmity as well as for keeping down resistance and securing against non payment the continually encreasing quantity exacted by him of the instruments of felicity exacted by him at their expence, the afflictiveness of the penal law is continually screwed up to the highest amount that is thought to be consistent with their efficiency. Thus it is that in the very best tempered Monarch by far the greatest number of the rest of the community have an enemy, and that enemy an essentially implacable one. If under such a Monarch such is their condition, what must it be under an ordinary one.
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    Spite of whatsoever there is in common between the two interests In the breast of every Monarch the tendency of his disposition is at all times and in all places to produce the greatest infelicity of the greatest number. Such is every where the tendency necessarily produced by his situation: and such every where, except in so far as accidental circumstances have risen up in opposition to such tendency has been, and so long as a Monarchy exists upon the face of the earth will be - the effect.

    The more particularly the several shapes in which interest has place in the two situations are examined into - the several departments in the field of legislation to which it applies are examined into, the less numerous and extensive the seats of coincidence, the more numerous and extensive the seats of opposition as between the two interests will be seen to be.
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    Lords veto Aristocratical Section of Public Opinion Tribunal paralysing democratic do.

    Not merely in the exercise of his political power - not merely in the public part of his life, but in the private part of his life, the natural tendency not to say the constant effect of his situation is to place it not at the top but at the bottom of the scale of moral worth, and this whether the influence of the self-regarding principle or that of the purely social principle namely sympathy - be considered. By the purely self-regarding principle the more urgent the need a man feels himself to have of the kindness and free good will of others, the more anxious /strenuous/ and steady will be his exertion for the obtaining it: the less the need the less strenuous The kindness and free good will and thence upon /as/ occasion /calls/ the good offices the services of others are in so far as /where/ power of remuneration is wanting no otherwise to be obtained than by demonstration of the like kindness, in effect and in endeavour a man's own part as towards them: the stronger a mans need of the effective benevolence of others the stronger the inducement he has for the manifesting effective benevolence as towards them: an inducement which in this way self-regarding prudence is sufficient /suffices/ to afford: the less the need, the less strong the inducement. But the Monarch is of all men the man who by a vast amount has least need of kindness and free good will and free good offices and free services at the hands of others - of the fruits of effective benevolence unmixt with those of self-regarding prudence. For whatsoever good things it be that in other situations men are indebted for to effective benevolence, it is in his power to command partly /in part/ by his punitive force /power/, in other part by remuneration.

    So the more extensively a man feels himself exposed to ill treatment at the hands of others, the stronger is the inducement he has to bestow upon them good treatment upon them, for the purpose of averting from him the effects of such their ill-will: the less extensive the exposure, the less the inducement. But the Monarch is of all men the one who stands the least extensively exposed to ill treatment at the hands of others: he is in a more especially degree protected /guarded/ against it by his /the/ punitive /branch of his/ power, and again by the remunerative, the /[...?] of the/ assistance and support considered which in the way of purchase, and without need of kindness on their part, it puts him in a condition to command on every occasion at the hands of others.