036_105.xml

Title: [[xxxvi. 105] 1822 June 28 Constitut]

Description: [xxxvi. 105]

1822 June 28

Constitut. Code Rationale

Supreme Operative

Monarch absolute and

limited

1. Morals

As in their own Monarch all subjects have an enemy so have they in every other.

Monarchs it may be said are apt to go to war with each other: and when with any two Monarchs this happens to case, the subjects of each should in that Monarch who is the enemy of their Monarch, that is of their natural enemy have a friend. But in practice this is not the case. The war one Monarch carries on with another Monarch is a war of rivalry but it is not a war of enmity: every Monarch is to every other Monarch an object of respect: and where there is respect on both sides, no rooted no decided enmity can be said to have place on either side. Between Monarch and Monarch war is upon the largest scale that which between professed pugilist and professed pugilist it is upon the smallest scale. By one another they are stiled brothers; and in that on occasion they are sincere. They have a common interest: and that interest is paramount to every other interest. Many a Monarch has given up to a brother Monarch, and freely too, domains he might have kept if he had pleased. No Monarch ever gave up freely to his own subjects an atom of power which in his eyes could be retained with safety. War is a game: a game of chess /of backgammon/. Between two players at the game of war there is no more enmity than between two players at backgammon On the part /breasts/ of the players at war there is no more feeling for the men of war /of flesh and blood/, than at /during/ the game at backgammon there is on the part of the men of wood there is for one another or themselves.

While to one another all Monarchs are objects of sympathy: to all Monarchs all subjects are objects of antipathy of a sort of compound sentiment, composed /made up/ of fear, and hatred and contempt: On the part of all Monarchs there exists something like that which women and children are apt to feel for a toad. In the breasts of all Monarchs there accordingly exists at all times a natural alliance, defensive and offensive against all subjects.

As between injurers and injured, the man on whose part antipathy toward the other can soonest cease /is most apt to cease/ is he who has been injured /by whom the injury has been sustained/: the one on whose part it ceases with greatest difficulty if it ever ceases at all is he by whom the injury has been inflicted.

Betwixt every Monarch and every other there exists a powerful cause of sympathy: in no instance ever could or ever can that cause have failed to be more or less productive of effect. On the same principle /In the instance of all of them/ on one and the same principle /set of principles/ is grounded that obedience by which their power is constituted, and in proportion to which it has place disposition the effect of habit: habit the effect of force, fear, corruption, delusion: and sinister interest, interest-begotten and authority-begotten prejudice By every other throne he sees shaking, if the shock be from without he feels the shock communicated to his own.

036_110.xml

Title: [[xxxvi. 110] 1822 June 30 Constitut]

Description: [xxxvi. 110]

1822 June 30

Constitut. Code

Supreme Operative

I. Monarch

2. Intellectuals

The answer is - no matter of what sort. This answer is the only proper one. In respect of moral aptitude, the mind [...?] condition and situation of the royal pupil being what it is, any infirmity /vacuity/ in his mind, even supposing it ever so compleat /perfect/ can scarcely be matter of regret: the knowledge supposing him to have any, the sound judgment supposing him to have any - could not in that situation be applied to any other purpose than the giving extent and promptitude to the sinister sacrifice.

It being thus certain that in /with/ a receptacle thus /so/ situated nothing /no sort of matter/ contributory to the greatest happiness of the greatest number could keep its place even if injected which is what it never would be it may therefore /accordingly/ be stated as a matter not worth thinking about with what rubbish the receptacle which in an ordinary situation /the opposite state of thing/ might be [...?] with matter contributory to the greatest happiness of the greatest number may happen to be filled As no considerable good could /degree could good/ be produced by any such injection so neither could any evil good could not in any considerable degree be lodged so on the other hand neither could evil. Take for example information /indication given/ concerning the most apt /best adapted/ means for promoting the only interest which can be the object of regard - means for giving the maximum of extent and promptitude to the sinister sacrifice. A scheme of instruction, by which all such pernicious knowledge would be excluded would it not be preferable it may be asked to a scheme in which it were comprized? The answer is - No. For in this way the supply afforded by others the supply afforded by the Minister /servant/ whoever he happens to be who /whose destiny it is to/ holds the seals of office when the royal pupil holds the sceptre this supply will at all times be perfect this cup will at all times be full, and by no quantity which has his breast for the seat of it, can any addition ever be made

036_109.xml

Title: [[xxxvi. 109] 1822 June 28 Constitut]

Description: [xxxvi. 109]

1822 June 28

Constitut Code

Supreme Operative

I. Monarch absolute

2. Intellectuals

2. Next as to intellectual aptitude. The branch of inaptitude opposed to appropriate intellectual aptitude is also in this case at his maximum. In the article /respect/ of moral aptitude the condition of the Monarch as such being that which has been described, towards the consequence is - that towards the greatest happiness of the greatest number, all that in the situation in question could be done by intellectual aptitude if raised to its maximum would be the preserving that same greatest number from such unhappiness /infelicity/ as should in the eyes of the Monarch not be contributory to his own felicity. But by the care taken of his own felicity at the expence of theirs, their infelicity on their part may be raised to a pitch /height/ to which no limit can be assignable. Take for example the case of Frederic the Great King of Prussia See the state of the people under his government as depicted by Sir Charles Hanbury Williams Diplomatic Resident of England at his Court, in the Appendix to The Earl of Orford's Memoirs London 1822.

But in comparison of other men who have had the advantages of what is called a liberal education, intellectual aptitude is in the situation of Monarch, by unchangeable causes placed at the lowest pitch

Of the two branches of intellectual aptitude appropriate knowledge is that in respect of which the deficiency is less considerable and less uniformly exemplified In the situation of Monarch, as in every other situation, man is necessarily for a length of time more or less considerable, placed by the infirmity attached to immaturity of age placed in a state of subjection. During his continuance in that state not only knowledge at large but knowledge in some sort and degree appropriate, is injected into the infirm and unresisting mind. Knowledge? but of what sort?

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