date

1821 April 14. First Lines
1821 April 14.

First Lines

Means of accomplishment.

Nature and mutual relation of the several branches of the Law.

Principal means for the accomplishment of their several purposes.

Civil Law, distributive Law.

1. Distribution applied to benefits

I. Benefits their distribution - most beneficial mode of distributing them.

1. Subsistence.

Original and all comprehensive - derivative and incidental - and derivative means of subsistence. By these words may be designated the two branches of a division which it is necessary in the first place to being to view.

The original fund of each man's subsistence is each man's labour. The production of it is the work of nature without law and antecedently to Law. What it looks for at the hand of Law, is security: security against calamity, security against hostility: security against hostility from foreigners, from fellow subjects from rulers.

II. Incidental and derivative means of subsistence. The new of these arises out of the deficiencies that are liable to have place in the produce of each man's labour, considered as a fund for each man's subsistence.

Certain and casual - by the two distinctions thus designated it may be comprehended in the first place all the varieties of which the causes of this deficiency are susceptible.

Certain is the nature of those produced by time of life: by the time antecedent to the capacity for labour and by the time subsequent to it: by immaturity and by caducity.

At The time of immaturity, endures for years: the time of caducity may endure for years, or may terminate in the same moment in which it is commenced, casual causes of deficiency of subsistence

Want of capacity for labour - want of employment for labour - under one or other of these heads may be comprehended all the casual causes of deficiency in regard to subsistence.

Casual want of capacity for labour is indisposition - relative indisposition. Indisposition may be of body or of mind: The degree of indisposition in question is marked /designated/ by the effect.

If
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    Distributive Benefits.

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    If, against any of the causes of deficiency in regard to subsistence, the legislator /Law/ /Government/ has failed to provide an efficient remedy, the consequence is death. Security against calamity has so far failed to have been afforded.

    But, against deficiency in regard to subsistence, no remedy can ever be provided bat at the expence of security for abundance. The fund of abundance is composed of the stock remaining of the produce of labour, deduction made of their several amounts subtracted by consumption, useful and useless, immediate and gradual, natural and human, in all their several shapes.

    In his endeavour to provide a remedy against deficiency in their regard to subsistence, /the legislator/ finds himself all along under the pressure of this dilemma - forbear to provide supply, death ensues, and you are the /it has you for its/ author /./ of it. Provide supply, you establish a bounty upon idleness, and you thus give encrease to the deficiency which it is your endeavour to exclude.

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