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1821. April 14.
First Lines
Means of accomplishment
Distributive Benefits.
Subsistence.
If, against any of the causes of deficiency in regard to subsistence, the legislator /Law/ /Government/ has failed to provide an efficient remedy, the consequence is death. Security against calamity has so far failed to have been afforded.
But, against deficiency in regard to subsistence, no remedy can ever be provided bat at the expence of security for abundance. The fund of abundance is composed of the stock remaining of the produce of labour, deduction made of their several amounts subtracted by consumption, useful and useless, immediate and gradual, natural and human, in all their several shapes.
In his endeavour to provide a remedy against deficiency in their regard to subsistence, /the legislator/ finds himself all along under the pressure of this dilemma - forbear to provide supply, death ensues, and you are the /it has you for its/ author /./ of it. Provide supply, you establish a bounty upon idleness, and you thus give encrease to the deficiency which it is your endeavour to exclude.
Now to /Under/ the pressure of this dilemma, how to act is a problem the solution of which is /will/ in a great degree, to be dependent upon local circumstances: nor can any thing like a compleat solution be so much as attempted without continual reference to them. One leading observation applies to all places and all times. So long as any particle of the matter of abundance remains in any one hand, it will rest with those to whom it appears that they are able to afford /assign/ a sufficient reason why te requisite supply to any deficiency in the means of deficiency should be refused.
II. Abundance
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Title: [1818 Jan y 7 Not Paul 85]Description: 1818 Jan y 7 Not Paul 85 III Doctrine Asceticism 6 § other checks Suicide Grant to the ascetic that he who committ[s] suicide commits a sin: behold the perplexity that awaits him: behold a problem that he will as soon kill himself as solve. For a man to offer himself to death is if the death be certain to committ an act of suicide. Agreed. But between certainty at the top of the scale and impossibility at the bottom, the number of degrees is infinite. At the top of the scale stands suicide beyond dispute. Proceeding downwards in the scale let him take pen in hand and point to the degree at which suicide ends. The man who for the instrument of relief / release / employs a loaded pistol, is he a suicide? No Not he: although death ensues: for many have been the instances in which the pistol having with this intent been discharged death has not been the consequence / failed in his obedience to the call / in which death though thus called has failed in his obedience. The officer who tends[?] the forlorn hope in the mounting of a breach―the soldier who remains till he has been shot dead in a post known to be untenable in which he has been left that the main body may have time to retreat―is he a suicide[?] The medical practitioner whose practice is put an end to by death while he is warring against the plague is he a suicide? the trader who while in pursuit of affluence is overtaken by death in a pestilential climate is he a suicide?
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Title: [1821. April 16 First Lines]Description: 1821. April 16 First Lines Means Distributive 4. Equality By the conjunct operation of all these causes taken together, to the maintenance of each individual, whose powers were thus applicable to the defence of the community, a mass of property, continually kept on foot, was indispensably necessary. In the possession of any such individual, suppose a mass of property sufficient, but not more than sufficient, for this purpose. If, upon his decease, this mass of property were to be subjected to division, the national force would thus be bereft of one of its constituent parts: and, in a state of society in which the cultivation of the means of subsistence have /had/ made so small a progress, so small was the number of the individuals thus equipped, no individual could be subtracted from the number without sensible diminution of national security. The exigencies and habits of acting produced by this state of things, have long been at an end every where. But the habits of thinking produced by it are scarcely at an end anywhere. From all labour, employed in the production of the means of subsistence, and the matter of abundance, all persons thus engaged in the defence of the community sttood exempted, partly by necessity, in respect of the need of the application of it to their military function, partly by the power it gave them /they had/ of exacting from their labour for those and other purposes for their own use. In regard to exposure to the necessity of labour, from the state of things has been produced, in the minds of a certain portion of the community, a division of the members of that same community with two classes: one composed of those in whose instance the need of employing labour in the acquisition of subsistence and abundance is no hardship: another composed of those in whose instance the need /and so on/ is a hardship To The
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Title: [1820 Aug. 1 Omitted April 1822]Description: 1820 Aug. 1 Omitted April 1822 Emancipation Spanish See if this no be the case. Ammunition you have none: (a) Well then, forbear to provide that quantity which, but for the cravings of the daemon, you would not have thought of providing: so forbearing you produce not in any human breast any sense of suffering. So forbear in regard to stores of all sorts: so forbear in regard to men: to men for the army, to men for the navy - to men for every other brand of the service, to which the demands of the daemon would be addressed. You have or have not at present as yet you Council of the Indies. You will want no Council of the Indies. But, like other men, the members of the supposed quondam Council of the Indies will want subsistence. So with the present possessors of every permanent fund, which to supply the more imperious expenses of the State you extinguish. For all this you will have your rules: rules by which the great controversy between the present and the future will some how or other be ended. It belongs not to the present purpose to touch upon these rules. All that at present I need by you to remember is - the daemon of ambition can better bear fasting than human creature can: the daemon of ambition although he has the daemon of slaughter in his belly: and that in the war I am waging against these daemons, I have King, Clergy and Public Creditor[?] on my side. Note (a) (a) Cortes Sitting of July 13 th 1820. Per Carga Arguelles War MInister.
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