date

1822 Feb. 10 Constitutional Code
1822 Feb. 10

Constitutional Code

Supreme Constitutive who

'2. Means of Government

True it is that as in the case of the supposed individual not chosen by the governed nor by any portion of the governed so by every individual chosen by them would his own happiness in the same way be endeavoured to be encreased whatsoever should become of their happiness. But as in the case supposed each such member of the ruling few not only was placed but at a short interval is displaceable by the subject many, what he sees from first to last is that any considerable and lasting sacrifice of their happiness to his own is impracticable: and that for any attempt to effect it, he would at any rater after his departure out of such situation be liable for such his misconduct to be punished by persons appointed by them for that purpose, in the same way that during his continuance in power others were liable to be punished at his hands. He will not therefore in any such way throw away /expend/ any of his labour /in waste/: he will not encounter any such risk.
Similar Items
  • Title: [1822 Feb. 10 Constitutional Law /Code]
    Description: 1822 Feb. 10

    Constitutional Law /Code/

    Supreme Constitutive who

    '2. Means of Government

    In comparison of the governed the governors must in every community be a small number - for those by whom the operations of government are carried on can not during that time be carrying on operations of any other sort: those excepted by which the individual and thus by which the species are preserved. For the greatest portion of the labouring time of the greatest number must at all times be employed in the securing of the means of subsistence to the whole

    By whom then and how shall this distinction be made? By what cause or causes shall it be determined who at each moment shall be the governor, and who the governed?

    The greatest happiness of the greatest number requires that be the governors who they may - be the powers of government exercised by them what they may, it is by /of/ the will of the governed that during each moment their existence in that situation should be he result:- that is to say that after having been placed they should at certain intervals of no great length be displaceable by the governed.

    The governed can not all of them be at all times exercising the immediate powers of government, as above specified /particularized/ but at stated times they may all of them exercise the functions of declaring who the individuals shall be by whom those same immediate powers shall be exercised.
  • Title: [1822 Feb. 10 Constitutional Code]
    Description: 1822 Feb. 10

    Constitutional Code

    Supreme Constitutive who

    '2. Means of Government

    The happiness of all the governed of the subject many will at all times it is manifest be in a great degree dependent on the conduct maintained by the governors, by the ruling few in the exercise of the powers of government as above particularized. As On every occasion His own greatest happiness is the object or end towards which the exercise of the active faculties of every individual during every moment will be directed, so on this occasion: the causing those individuals to be in the situation of the ruling few by whose conduct in such their situation his own happiness will according to his judgment be most effectually promoted /encreased/.

    If there was any other individual or set of individuals by whose conduct in the exercise of the powers of government the abovementioned only right and proper end of government were in a greater degree likely to be in a greater degree promoted /fulfilled/ than by the greatest number as above such other individual or individuals would be those in whose hands the principle of the greatest happiness would require that the exercise of those same powers should be lodged /performed/. But these are not nor in the nature of man can be any such other individual or set of individuals. Take for example any one such individual: to the giving every possible encrease to his own happiness whatever becomes of the happiness of others would the exercise of the powers of government in his hands be during every moment of his time be directed. But in propor[tion] as his own happiness received encrease would the aggregate happiness of all the governed be diminished.
  • Title: [[lxxxiv. 155] 1822 Feb. 6 Codification]
    Description: [lxxxiv. 155]

    1822 Feb. 6

    Codification Offer.

    4¼o

    ?.5. Admission Universal

    Members unapt

    In one case only has /In /only/ one form only of government does/ the government for its tendency the production of the greatest happiness of the greatest number. This is where all those by whom the operative powers of government are exercised are immediately or unimmediately placed and at short intervals displaceable by the /that/ greatest number.

    Where there is no one person /functionary/ who is not immediately or unimmediately and without other formality than that of an ordinary election displaceable by the greatest number as well as placed after having been placed by a section of that number there is no person who is in a condition to prosecute with effect his own particular and sinister interest at the expence of the interest of the greatest number.

    Where there exists any one person /functionary/ who is not in the ordinary way of election displaceable immediately or unimmediately by the greatest number, he at the same time having at his disposal the objects of general desire to an amount more or less considerable this person is thereby in a condition to prosecute with effect his own sinister interest at the expence of the interest of the greatest number at the expence of the universal interest.

    In the case /instance/ of every government that has an irremovable chief is /such is the condition of/ that same irremoveable Chief.

    A /Every/ government which amongst its functionaries numbers an irremovable chief is a Monarchy: if amongst the other functionaries there is not any one who is not at all times displaceable by this one, the Monarchy is a pure Monarchy: if there be any one or more functionaries who are not thus displaceable, a mixt monarchy.