037_071.xml

Title: [1822 July 4 Constitut Code Rationale]

Description: 1822 July 4

Constitut Code Rationale

I Supreme Constitutive

Why in all

I. Monarch

1 Moral Aptitude

Self preference

Art. The Supreme Constitutive power is in the great body of the People

? Self-preference - how while /why/ in a Monarchy /Monarch/ its effects are preponderantly detrimental: in a representative Democracy preponderantly contributory, to the greatest happiness of the greatest number.

Whatever be the form of government, a man will prefer his own happiness /felicity/ to that of all others put together: his wish and upon occasion his endeavour will be get into his own hands all the several external instruments of felicity in the greatest quantity possible. For this purpose his wish and upon occasion his endeavour will be at the expence of all others to committ depredation to the greatest extent possible But upon every occasion that presents itself as favorable, this depredation will at the hands of all those at whose expence it is exercised produce the endeavour to escape from it - in a word self-preservation from it, and to that end, in so far as it seems consistent with personal safety, resistance. But even by such endeavour at evasion much more by resistance, on the one part, anger will be produced on the other thereupon partly for securing the faculty of exercising the depredation, partly for the gratification of the passion of anger, oppression will be added and by whatever causes it is produced in any the slightest degree the disposition and the habit of exercising it in the greatest degree which circumstances admitt of will be continually on the encrease Thus it is that by the innate propensities of mans nature propensities necessary to the very existence of the species, every man is rendered at least in desire and wish and upon occasion in endeavour, a depredator and an oppressor In the situation of Monarch the joint powers of force, intimidation, corruption and delusion /his incorporeal instruments of misrule/ supply a man with corporeal instruments, sufficient to enable him to afford the /grant[?] to these desires the requisite correspondent/ gratification sought by him: and thus it is that the power being added to the desire the correspondent effect - /is produced: the correspondent effect/ in this /the present/ case the unquestionable sacrifice of the real felicity of the greatest number of a million to the questionable felicity of this one.

036_004.xml

Title: [[xxxvi. 4] 1821 April 26 Constitut]

Description: [xxxvi. 4]

1821 April 26

Constitut Code

First Lines

First Principles

Appropriate Aptitude

Aptitude is inversely as altitude

Sympathy of affection (1.) and of conception

[...?] per copies

\PS\ With relation to political function, aptitude is not directly but inversely, as altitude in the conjunct scale of power, opulence and factitious dignity - of political prosperity - of political influence.

Factitious dignity, opulence, - of these will external instruments of human felicity, in themselves /their nature/ separate, but in various proportions naturally intermixed, is composed a sort of medium or atmosphere in which the favorites of fortune live, move, and have their being. Each having the faculty /property/ of introducing its possessor into the possession of the two others, they will on some occasions and to some persons, require to be considered and combined while on other occasions & to other purposes, they will require to be considered as separate. The quantities of these sweets, absorbed by different individuals rise one above another in a scale, the highest point or degree of which is occupied by the position absorbed by a despot of ancient or modern time - an Emperor of China, an Emperor of Rome an Emperor of Russia: the lowest point or Degree by the portion absorbed by an individual of the labouring class, whose labour affords him nothing beyond /above/ the means of bare subsistence, but that subsistence assured.

When degrees of appropriate aptitude are considered with relation to the possession and exercise of the powers of government, a conception commonly entertained appears to be, is that the height of a man's place in the scale of such appropriate aptitude, is as the height of his place in that scale of external felicity - in other words as the quantity possessed by him of that compound of the external elements of felicity - directly,

Upon a nearer inspection /closer scrutiny/ it will be found that how natural soever this conception is erroneous and that the reverse of it is the true one: that the proportions may in the main hold good, but that the ratio is not the direct but the reverse.

First let it be seen, that the appropriate aptitusde in question is not directly but inversely as the heighth of the place occupied by the individual in gorgeous scale: next where it is that the opposite corruption has come to be so generally entertained: in the influence exercised by the matter of wealth operating as an instrument of delusion, the cause it will be seen is to be found.

JB_162_156.xml

Title: [1820 May 20 Emancipation Spanish]

Description: 1820 May 20

Emancipation Spanish

Ult r

'.7. Rulers gainers

'.4. Rulers gainers

3. Services through [...?] not pecuniary

3. Profit in the shape of power, through the medium of indeterminate and nameless, but boundless services, at the hands of candidates /aspirants/ for subordinate official situations.

On the present occasion, it would be at one endless and needless and endless to expatiate on a topic which applies to power, and in proportion to the quantity of it under whatsoever government in whatsoever occasion, excersible. /Be the man in power who he may/ To the numbe of individuals whose endeavours are built upon the ingratiating themselves each have upon the recommending themselves to his favour, there are no bounds, nor as little to the different shapes in which they may at once be able and willing to render him their services, and put him in possession of all the acquirable /the receivable/ instruments of felicity in all imaginary shapes.

The shapes least costly to the aspirant himself will of course be the shape which other circumstances equal will be preferred by him: and of those no one is less costly than flattery in all its shapes: intimation given of the degree of appropriate aptitude in all its several shapes possessed by him will be it what it may, which is fortunate enough to have him for its occupier.

The parasite whose services are in the shape of flattery and whose [...?] reward, in the shape of the pleasures of the table, is among the subjects of the earliest [...?] that have come down to us. But if such be the power of a good meal once and then repeated, what must be the power of a provision for life /ever/ to such members, who might otherwise have been in want of one in the state of starvation or in the continual prospect of it?