date

11 Aug. 1811 + Fallacies Ch. Classification
11 Aug. 1811 +

Fallacies Ch. Classification

1

Ch. 2. Classification of Political Fallacies

Ch. | | Political Fallacies classed.

So numerous and multifarious are the instruments of persuasion which in the character of fallacies there will be need to bring to view, that to enable the mind /concpetion/ to obtain any tolerable command over them, it will be necessary to look out for some sources /grounds/ of [...?]ntial and universal and reciprocal relate[?] such as may serve as in the character of common principles of connection by which they may be bound /tied/ together in the mind, some which[?] their points of coincidence /similitude/ /agreement/ or contiguity may be brought to view, and at the same time as in the character of grounds of distinction /marks of discrimination/ by which their points of distinction and contrast/ may be brought to view.
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    Ins special reform it has to popular & in particular to highest constitution.

    In the political position of the persons employed occupying among the utterers in the field of politics may be seen a circumstance from which the most important /material/ as well as comprehensive sources /principle/ of distinction and consequent division any be deduced.

    Fallacies of the Ins - fallacies of the Outs - and Eitherside fallacies - Anarachical fallacies - in those denominations may be seen so many indiciations of the object at which /objects at which/ the fallacies /respectively/ classed under them respectively are directed, and thence in some measure of their respective natures and characters /and complections/

    Under the denomination of Fallacies of the Ins may be comprehended such fallacies /instruments of persuasion and deception/ as are in general are most apt to be applied to the purposes which in the situation there in question /indicated by that familiar appellative/ men are most apt to direct their exertions. What those objects are is a question to which a general answer will naturally present itself to every mind: to give a more particular and correct conception of them is a task the performance of which will for the purposes of this work require /cause[?]/ to be endeavoured at a little further on.
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    So extensive is the application capable of being made of them that principles rather than fallacies is the term by which they may seem to lay claim to the being designation | | to have employed in the designation of them.
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    Ch. or ยง. | | Division or Classification of Fallacies

    Taken /Considered/ as a whole, the aggregate mass of the matter of which fallacies are comprized may be divied in various ways by principles of division derived from various sources.

    Amongst the most instructive and commodious of these sources will be found it is believed the following: namely

    I. The object or end in view by the pursuit of which the person by whom the fallacy is employed is induced to make use of it. In the case of a political fallacy this object will always be the preservation /retention/ or acquisition of a portion more or less considerable of political power or influence

    II. The position - meaning the political position of the person by whom it is employed. Of this position or situation there are but two modifications, viz that of the person who with reference to the mass of power in question is in possession, and that of the person who with reference to it is not in possession. Corresponsing to their distinction is the division of Fallacies into Fallacies of the Ins; and Fallacies of the Outs: a distinction to which it will presently be necessary to make recurrence

    III. The quarter to the which the fallacy in question applies itself in the minds on which it is designed to operate. This quarter will either be the understanding, or the affections

    IV. The general nature /quality/ or tendency of the measure to the promotion or opposition /defence or attack/ of which the fallacy is directed, meaning by its quality its being either of a good or a bad tendency upon the whole.