date

1819 Aug. 3 Fallacies [...?]
1819 Aug. 3

Fallacies [...?]

Classification

1

Ch. or ยง. | | Division or Classification of Fallacies

Taken /Considered/ as a whole, the aggregate mass of the matter of which fallacies are comprized may be divied in various ways by principles of division derived from various sources.

Amongst the most instructive and commodious of these sources will be found it is believed the following: namely

I. The object or end in view by the pursuit of which the person by whom the fallacy is employed is induced to make use of it. In the case of a political fallacy this object will always be the preservation /retention/ or acquisition of a portion more or less considerable of political power or influence

II. The position - meaning the political position of the person by whom it is employed. Of this position or situation there are but two modifications, viz that of the person who with reference to the mass of power in question is in possession, and that of the person who with reference to it is not in possession. Corresponsing to their distinction is the division of Fallacies into Fallacies of the Ins; and Fallacies of the Outs: a distinction to which it will presently be necessary to make recurrence

III. The quarter to the which the fallacy in question applies itself in the minds on which it is designed to operate. This quarter will either be the understanding, or the affections

IV. The general nature /quality/ or tendency of the measure to the promotion or opposition /defence or attack/ of which the fallacy is directed, meaning by its quality its being either of a good or a bad tendency upon the whole.
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    Ins special reform it has to popular & in particular to highest constitution.

    In the political position of the persons employed occupying among the utterers in the field of politics may be seen a circumstance from which the most important /material/ as well as comprehensive sources /principle/ of distinction and consequent division any be deduced.

    Fallacies of the Ins - fallacies of the Outs - and Eitherside fallacies - Anarachical fallacies - in those denominations may be seen so many indiciations of the object at which /objects at which/ the fallacies /respectively/ classed under them respectively are directed, and thence in some measure of their respective natures and characters /and complections/

    Under the denomination of Fallacies of the Ins may be comprehended such fallacies /instruments of persuasion and deception/ as are in general are most apt to be applied to the purposes which in the situation there in question /indicated by that familiar appellative/ men are most apt to direct their exertions. What those objects are is a question to which a general answer will naturally present itself to every mind: to give a more particular and correct conception of them is a task the performance of which will for the purposes of this work require /cause[?]/ to be endeavoured at a little further on.
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    Ch. | | Political Fallacies classed.

    So numerous and multifarious are the instruments of persuasion which in the character of fallacies there will be need to bring to view, that to enable the mind /concpetion/ to obtain any tolerable command over them, it will be necessary to look out for some sources /grounds/ of [...?]ntial and universal and reciprocal relate[?] such as may serve as in the character of common principles of connection by which they may be bound /tied/ together in the mind, some which[?] their points of coincidence /similitude/ /agreement/ or contiguity may be brought to view, and at the same time as in the character of grounds of distinction /marks of discrimination/ by which their points of distinction and contrast/ may be brought to view.
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    Fallaciesof the ins claim on this occasion the precidence. Why? - Because on that side the demand for fallacies will be seen to be most urgent and the productions actually exhibited by ingenuity operating in this line, the most various.

    To both together the prudence is given with relation to Either-side fallacies, because /since/ it is under the head of each that the demand which it may happen to each to have for the assistance of those instruments of persuasion will have required to be brought to view.

    Under the head of each of /the two first of/ these classes of fallacies I shall begin with bringing to view the cause and origin of the demand which the combatants on that side of every political question have for the instruments of persuasion thus denominated.

    By the nature of that demand will thus be rendered visible a quality /characteristic quality - I mean irrelevancy/ common to the several individual articles which will be seen to come under that class.

    This quality, if found to be justly ascribed to them, will of itseld be found sufficient to pass condemnation on these in the lump.

    But besides this, under the head of each separate fallacy, besides a few examples, brought to view /adduced/ for the purpose of rendering the conception of it the clearer and more familiar, I shall subjoin /add/ an exposure or refutation of it, serving /having for its object/ to bring to view the mischiefs or absurdiies or both that will be found involved in the use of it