date

1819 Aug. 5. Fallacies 4 Classification
1819 Aug. 5.

Fallacies 4 Classification or

Arrangement

4

1 Fallacies or Arguments ad judicium - Fallacies addressed to the judgement or judicial faculty, and having, always[?] for their tendency and frequently for their intended effect, the misleading it.

To this head or class be found /may perhaps be seen/ to belong the following fallacies.

1. Question-beggers device: or say, Eulogistic and Dyslogistic-appellative brandishers device; or say Laudative and Vituperative appellative /denomination/ brandishers device. In the case under the guise of a single term an entire proposition is added to it is smuggled in, and /being/ ladden in the belly /substances/ of it

Take for instance the word faction. By the word faction is conveyed the idea of a political party: and attached to /and included in/ that idea is the assertion made the intimation given that of its being a pernicious party a party of a bad complexion, and acting in prosecution of bad designs. In this then we see an example of a vituperative, condemnatory, vituperative or say a dyslogistic epithet. We see moreover an /one and the most efficient/ exemplification of the sort of fallacy commonly called in Latin petitio principio /from the the logicians of it[?]/ in English, the begging of the question, that is, begging of the thing in question - of the matter in dispute: begging, or rather secret /clandestine/ assumption of the matter in dispute.

 Insert before this an example of a eulogistic appellative
Similar Items
  • Title: [Ch.| | Question-begging-denomination-employer]
    Description: Ch.| | Question-begging-denomination-employer's device

    or Eulogistic and Dyslogistic-appellative-employer's device. a

    or Laudatory and vituperative appellation-employer's device

    a See the nature of these denominations amply illustrated in Spring-of-Action Table.

    Of the field of thought and action the moral department though it be that part in which the most abundant employment is given to the instrument of deception here in question - is not, it will be seen, the only part. Scarcely perhaps can any part be found, to which it has not been applied.

    §. 1. Exposition.

    Among the appellatives employed for the designation of objects belonging to the field of moral science, there are some by which the object is presented singly, unaccompanied by any sentiment of approbation or disapprobation attached to it - as desire, labour. With reference to the two sorts of appellatives which will come immediately to be mentioned, appellatives of this sort may be termed neutral.

    In the margin, Bentham has noted at this point: ‘ For examples, look over the Table of Motives. Refer to Introd. and Dum:

    ‘1819 Aug. 10. See now Spring of Action Table.’

    There are others by means of which in addition to the principal object the idea of general approbation, as habitually attached to that object, is presented: - as industry. These are termed eulogistic.

    Others there are again, by and by means of which in addition to the principal object the idea of general disapprobation, as habitually attached to that same object is presented: - as lust. These may be termed dyslogistic.
  • Title: [1819 Aug. 18 Note Fallacies 4 Ch.]
    Description: 1819 Aug. 18 Note

    Fallacies 4 Ch. 2 Question-beggars

    Note

    An instrument of no small usefulness to the purposes /advancement/ of morality, public and private, would be a Table of appellatives in which under the two heads eulogistic and dyslogistic, added to the corresponding head neutral, all those words which in this way are liable to be converted into /used as/ instruments of fallacy should be ranged.

    I hereby venture to /the amusement to/ recommend it to any one of those, who to the love of mankind, or the desire of obtaining /earning/ the reputation of it, add to a sufficient relish for such a task the requisite leisure. Not only in the scale of importance /utility/, but in the scale of difficulty, how much higher would such an exercise stand than those dictionaries of synonymies indiscriminately taken, which however are by no means without their difficulty any more than without their use.

    For the due composition of such a work, logical acumen, in no inconsiderable quantity, may be found necessary.

    In some instances, correspondent to the eulogistic or dyslogistic appellative, it may turn out that the language does not at present furnish any word that continues to preserve its neutral sense. This may perhaps be found to be the case with the abovementioned words adduced as examples of eulogistic appellatives: namely honour and glory, dignity and liberality. In the case of howsoever liberality though when the act is exercised at the expence of the public the term depredation[?] may with strict propriety be applied to that same act, yet the two terms the one eulogistic the other dyslogistic can not with propriety be stated as synonymous: and so in the case /instance/ of dignity national dignity if on this occasion, as is so naturally and

    frequently

    frequently the case, it should turn out that an /the/ act which had been termed an act /expression/ of national dignity was really an expression of official and diplomatic insolence, having for its object the plunging the nation into a needless and groundless war for the profit of those who looked to have the conduct of it.
  • Title: [1819 Aug. 5 Fallacies Arrangement]
    Description: 1819 Aug. 5

    Fallacies Arrangement

    8 1. ad Judicium

    5. Influencing and uninfluencing-circumstance-confounder's device

    In case in which this fallacy is employed is that in which, to /for/ a state of things the existence of which is one of dispute a course is to be found; a case in which the connection between cause and effect comes upon the carpet.

    Concomitant with every event or state of things considered as an effect have been a set of circumstances that have been contributory to it, a set of circumstances that but for these others would have prevented it from coming into existence, and a set of circumstances by which from any thing in their nature that has been perceived, no influence either in the way of promotion or in the way of prevention has been exercised in relation to it.