date

1822 June 17 II. Expence In
1822 June 17

II. Expence

In so far as any person knowingly concurring in the production of it in whole or in part receives to his own use of any profit derived out of /by means of/ it, all superfluous expence is depredation the matter of superfluous expence is the matter of depredation

Depredation is either simple or aggravated

Simple depredation has place in so far as by reason of the loss imposed on the public, receives a profit not less than the loss.

Aggravated depredation is where to produce profit to a certain amount to himself the depredator is concerned in producing loss to a greater amount to the public

For the purpose of punishment and other means of prevention the loss to the public is the object to be considered. Taken /Considered/ by itself considered apart from the loss the profit to the depredator is not an evil: it is on the contrary a good.

Under the head or appellation of the expence of Government the word expence being taken in its largest sense may be comprized the evil in all shapes produced, while endeavouring or not endeavouring to produce the good the production of which is the only proper end or object of government

Taxation is productive of evil taxation is imposition of expence

Punishment /Punition/ is productive of evil: the suffering produced by punishment is expence.

Remuneration is productive of evil, in so far as the instruments of remuneration are produced by imposition of expence.

Obligation in every shape is evil: whether it be obligation in the sensitive faculty, as in the case of punishment, or obligation in the active faculty as in the case of coercion i.e imposition of constraint and restraint

Creation of factitious dignity is evil creation of evil: by it respect is given to the new dignitary at the expence of every body else.
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