date

1822 June 16 Economy etc Thus
1822 June 16

Economy etc

Thus it is that exposure to corruption - unpunishable corruption is of the very essence of the representative system. It is of the very essence of a Representative Democracy It is of the very essence of a mixt Monarchy having in its mixture /any other body, and in particular/ a body of Representatives of the people or in a word any other body. To found to establish any such Mixt Monarchy is therefore to establish corruption - to establish it, and even by law: to establish any such Representative Democracy is to establish Corruption to establish it even by law: in this respect between a Representative Democracy and a mixt Monarchy with a Representative body in it there is no difference.

Between the two Governments not then in that point lies the difference: it lies in this: namely that in a Representative Democracy arrangements may be /are capable/ made, and accordingly have actually been made by which the tendency to corruption has been prevented from being at least to any perceptible /considerable/ degree /degree worth considering/ carried into effect: and the sinister sacrifice to any considerable prevented from taking place: whereas in a mixt Monarchy by no arrangements can that tendency be prevented from being carried into effect by no arrangements can that tendency be prevented from being continually on the encrease by no arrangements can the effect itself be prevented from being continually on the encrease: on the encrease, untill either all difference in effect between the mixt Monarchy and the absolute one be obliterated, or in consequence of the suffering produced by the perfection /degree/ to which the sinister sacrifice has been carried the people be to such a degree exasperated as to rise and abolish the mixt Monarchy now become in effect a pure one and set up another in the stead of it.
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  • Title: [[clviii. 344] 1822. June 15th.]
    Description: [clviii. 344]

    1822. June 15th.

    Economy etc

    38 10. Recapitulation. Corruptor General Chief of the State in Republic, President etc: in Monarchy, Monarch. Eventual Corruptees, two sets: 1. People's Representatives, possessors of or sharers in the supreme operative: 2. People themselves - their Constituents: i.e. locators and eventual dislocators.

    39 11. Process of corruption how carried on.

    Needless altogether is all concert and explanation between Corruptor and Corruptee: perceptible operation in this view, none: thence, responsibility none. Sufficient is the state of interests and situations to make known to each what will be agreeable to the other and obtain from him the object of his desires.

    40 12 To Executive Functionary, it is known that Offices etc. can not but be objects of desire to Representatives and their connections: he makes distribution of them accordingly. So to Legislative Functionary that only proportion as he keeps them on foot and causes new ones, will the Executive have them to dispose of: he makes provision for them accordingly

    41 13. From what has ever hitherto been done in these several ways in the situation in question, each learn at all times, and without error, what will be done in future.

    42 14. Thus is corruption - and that unpunishable - of the essence of the Representative System: in Republic, as well as Mixt Monarchy. In both cases, to establish Representation is to establish Corruption. No Representation, no such Corruption: no trust, no breach of trust

    43. 15. As to this point, between Democracy and mixt Monarchy behold the sole difference. Antiseptic arrangements, the nature of the case affords, by which effective corruption, and the correspondent sinister sacrifice may nearly or altogether be prevented. These a Representative Democracy may and does employ a Mixt Monarchy never has employed nor can employ: on the contrary, it minimizes the employmt. of them, and maximizes the employment of the opposite septic arrangements.

    44 16. This maximization continues, till either all difference in effect, between mixt and pure Monarchy is obliterated, or the people, exasperated past endurance by the misery produced by the consummation of the sinister sacrifice, withdraw their obedience altogether, and thus abolish the mixt Monarchy, substituting to it some other form of Government - Representative Democracy the most probable - in the state at which the human mind is arrived. Follows the description of these antisceptics.
  • Title: [1822 June 16 Economy etc Of]
    Description: 1822 June 16

    Economy etc

    Of a mixt Monarchy containing /with/ a mixture of Democracy the people exercising their power by Representatives of theirs it is the distinctive character to have in its composition a class of functionaries on whom the matter of corruption may and can not but

    A form of government in which there is a representative body composed of functionaries located by the people at large contains a mass of corruptible matter, for which in any other form of government there is no place. This mass is the body composed of these same delegates of the people. Wherever such a body has place corruption has for its constant tendency, the effecting a change in the very /whole/ form character and essence of government: There are two forms of government in each of which this mass of corruptible matter has place a representative democracy, and a mixt Monarchy composed of a Monarch and a set of representatives of the people with or without the addition of an aristocratical body, not dependent for its existence or its composition on the people. In both these cases, the effect of the corruptive process in so far as it operates is to give encrease to whatsoever opposition had place at the outset on the part of the delegated representatives of the people as towards /in relation to/ their constituents
  • Title: [1822 June 16 Economy etc In]
    Description: 1822 June 16

    Economy etc

    In this state of things a /the/ Corrupter General sees before him two different sets of eventual corruptees: 1. the members of the Representative body constituting part and parcel of the supreme operative power; 2 the members of the supreme constitutive body those members of the community in whose hands is the supreme constitutive power with reference to those same representatives whose constituents they are /who acknowledge them/

    It is by the representatives alone in contradiction to their constituents that the particular arrangements are continued or set on foot by which through the medium of the Executive department the sinister sacrifice is made /carried on/: by constituents as such no part can be taken in it. But on the will and agency of these same constituents will to /in/ a greater or less degree depend the composition of the body of these representatives and on /to/ this as on /to/ other occasions /purposes/ the conduct of the several members To their situation it belongs to provide that which is at once chief matter of corruption and chief matter of sinister sacrifice to the Executive Chief to make application and distribution of it, among the members of the Representative body, and his and their connections

    Here then we have Corrupter General, one; the Chief of the State: in a mixt monarchy the Monarch, in a Representative Democracy the President: Eventual Corruptees two sets: corruptible on their own account the Representatives of the People: corruptible for the purpose of extending the corruption to the Representatives of the people, the people themselves in different constitutive bodies the people themselves in their character of constituents with reference to these same sharers in the supreme operative power - their Representatives