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[Marginal summary sheet[?]]
[Mainly in copyist’s hand]
10 Jan. y 1817
Necessity Cat
1 Theory
§.2. Elements of Aptitude
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§.2. Elements of Aptitude
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Quest. 12. For the elements of aptitude a test of aptitude for the forms of Government?
Ans: Yes: one test
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Q:13: Does the nature of the case afford any other? -
Ans: Yes: a practical; that but a theoretical one -
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Q:141. A theoretical, what?
Ans: Test derived from observation by the acts of all men in private as well as public life: such the will by which probity & or the opposites are exhibited.
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Q:15 2. Practical what? -
Ans: List of grievances under the several governments: add 3. Applicable /tion/ of theoretical list to practical shewing < > by what deficiencies in this claims what grievances have been produced -
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Q 16: Grievances alone. Evil, all noted in the account? - Good not in any shape?
§.2. Elements of aptitude.
Ans: For judgment of approbation or disapprobation, yes: But for conception & arrangement < > cause in to place all to the < > of evil: of god that might have been produced non production is evil: these are grievances: End being maximization of happiness, suppose that by deficiency in any of the elements producible good is not produced, non-productive of good will be belong to the account of grievance.
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Q:17: Property is it not commonly spoken of as one of these elements? and thus otherwise giving title to a share in government? -
Ans: Title not good if the above are all and thus not included in any -
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Q 18: Property then has it any thing to do with efficial aptitude? -
Ans: supposing all these to exist, property or property matter of indifference -
But to each of these some portion of property either present or past can not but be necessary or conducive -
§.2. Elements of Aptitude
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It being < > by experience that intellectual aptitude and active talent may exist in the highest degree without any personal property, only in the character of a security for probity is it that personal property is so much insisted upon -
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Q:19 Not being this itself an element how causes it in the last?
A: Suppose a man destitute of all, and conscious of being so, or thought to be so yet ambitious of power and possessed of property natural that he should < > the importance of this endowment Principally to the representative part of the British Government does the importance attached to it applies: of this by and by -
Similar Items
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Title: [[unnumbered sheet after 125-168]]Description: [unnumbered sheet after 125-168] [Marginal summary sheet[?]] [Mainly in copyist’s hand] 9 Jan y 1817 Necessity Cat 1 Theory § Probity Probity what § 5 Probity how encreasable or Probity what? 17 or 1 Necessary that of self regarding interest the preponderance should generally have place, is it not that it should be maximized? - Ans: No - but that it should be minimiz d. no fear of its being sufficient: unless < > - to minimize it is the slow work of cultivation - of moral art - and practice - 18. or 2 Q 18: Means of cultivation what? - Ans - 1 Indication of < > advantages to personal interest from action according to social d o. 2. Creating d o. viz - by < > bestowed on social conduct 19 or 3. Q 19: This then is giving to social interest personal for its support - Ans - Yes, so far as the advantages indicated are put to personal interest: but if social d o. have place and influence § 5. Probity how encreasable proportioned to that influence will be effect of any advantages to social interest as are thus indicated - 20 or 4 Q 20: Praise how operates it? - Ans: By giving Prospect of esteem, good will, good offices, services of the praiser and others who think &c. feel as he does - 21. or 5 Q.21. Thus then by praise applied in support of social interest self regarding interest in one shape is made to < > d o. in another. Ans. Yes - for the pleasure of reputation howsoever social the tendency of the corresponding motive is a self regarding pleasure. 22 or 6 Q.22: The language of praise by what causes is it producable? - Ans: 1. By desire of giving support to social interest as above §.5 Probity, how encreasable. 2: By that sympathy which in a cultivated state is produced by any extraordinary sacrifice of personal to social interest: esteem being heightened to admiration by pleasure of surprise - 23. Q 23: Such being necessarily the general predominance of self regarding interest folly to trust to social to the exclusion of self regarding or the interest of every man - Ans: yes - 24 Q: 24: What? though he be a ruler? Ans. Yes - 25 Q 25: The highest in the scale of rulers? A: Most of all - 26 - Q.26 - Why so? - A: 1. Because by his situation in whose breast sympathy for the subject many is minimized - 27 Q.27 - By what means else can this appropriate probity be most effectually secured - Ans. By such means as increased the difficulty of sacrificing the universal to the self regarding interest - 28 Q 28: What are those means? Ans: Maximizing the number of sharers in supreme power so far as < > with the other elements of aptitude
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Title: [9 Jan y 1817 Necessity Cat]Description: 9 Jan y 1817 Necessity Cat 1 Theory §.2. Elements of aptitude 2 5 5 Q. 4. What do you understand by the practical test: where shall we find our practical test. A. In the several grievances features of grievance which are observable /observed/ to have place in this or that state under this or that species /form/ of government and not under this or that other, to which may be added, an application made of the theoretical to the practical test shewing by what deficiencies in respect of the several elements of aptitude the several grievances appear to have been produced. Q. 5 What? the grievances alone shall be[?] confine[?] our views to what is evil in the several systems? shall the good shall it be left altogether out of the account as if it had no existence or no value? To the list of grievances shall we not add the list of good points in point of perfection. A. {True it is that in the consideration we bestow on the subject, To omitt out of the account the all the good, retaining all the bad would be a proceeding /course/ not less full of /pregnant with/ injustice than discomfort.} There fore as to consideration /in respect of judgment/ of approbation or disapprobation. But for the purpose of conception and classification the above will be found the only convenient course. The maximum of public happiness being taken from the object or mark to be aimed at, beyond or above that there is nothing: and any measure the effect or tendency of which is to depress the aggregate of felicity below that highest point in the scale, may be regarded in the character of a grievance: and in this way we shall be saved from the embarrassment of enquiring on each occasion to which of the two denominations the thing the particular state of things on the carpet belongs - viz. a grievance or a point of perfection: a grievance suffered or a point of perfection not yet attained. And, supposing any benefit which it being in the power of rulers to confer it they have not conferred on subjects any such, this omission may it not /surely/ with indisputable propriety be called a grievance - at any rate a negative grievance. Of positive grievances which with or without necessity they impose on subjects the test will always be but too heavy not to constitute a just claim to whatsoever relief in the shape of comparative ease be offered.
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Title: [[Marginal summary sheet[?]] [Mainly]Description: [Marginal summary sheet[?]] [Mainly in copyist’s hand] 12 Jan y 1817 1 Theory §.1. Elements of aptitude 3 1 §.2. Elements of aptitude 1 Quest 1. In what case will the form of government be perfectly adapted to the above end? Ans: If by the supreme rulers the elements of appropriate official aptitude are perfectly possessed - 2 Q.2 What are they? - A.1. Appropriate probity. 2 Appropriate intellectual aptitude: 3 appropriate active talent (all adequate) - 3 Q.3 No denominator comprising intellectual aptitude and active talent? - A. Yes - personal ability - 4 Q.4. Appropriate probity what? - A. Disposition to contribute to this end - 5 Q.5. Intellectual aptitude what? - A. Disposition to contribute to this end - 6 Q.6. Active talent what? A. State of mind and body together by which a man is enabled to take the course which in his situation is most conducive to it - 7 Q.7. This best is it compleat? - A. Yes - 8 How does this appear? §.2. Elements of aptitude A. Result within power, power and will < > it has place The power here is power of maximizing happiness - On the part of the rulers in question this power depends, partly in others viz. the subjects, partly in themselves: what depends on others is power < >: this they have by supposition what depends on themselves (in the state of their faculties) is power ab intra: this is personal ability. In appropriate probity then you have the will: in personal ability the power - 9 Q 9 - These elements possessed in perfection by the rulers, the end is there accomplished? A. Yes - by the supposition such is the import of the terms. In the individual government in question in the < > of that< > you have the adequate cause: in the accomplishment of that depends < > the desired effect - 10 Q.10. In this perfect degree do they or will they exist any where? - A - No - but in whatever degree they are possessed in that degree will the end be accomplished. Thus we have their determined marks for our endeavours - Q 11 Q 11. Proportion between the degrees of those elements is it not unnecessary? - §.2. Elements of aptitude. A. For suppose personal ability maximized, and appropriate probity short of adequate result would be maximization of the happiness not of all together but of rulers alone: subjects of d o sacrificed to it -
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