125_168.xml

Title: [[On two sheets pinned together] [Marginal]

Description: [On two sheets pinned together]

[Marginal summary sheet[?]]

[Mainly in copyist’s hand]

8 Jan y 1817

{1 Theory}

{§. Probity what}

Necessity Cat

2

Necessity Cat

§.3. Probity what

9

Quest: 9: Rulers probity depends (say you) on coincidence between his personal ---- interest and the universal d o does not this suppose his conduct will always exactly coincide with the line pointed out by his personal interest? and the supposition does it not < > in it that of universal consummate, though self regarding, prcedence

Ans: Yes - so for shortness: - for correctedness say - a mans concept n in regard to his personal interest.

10

Q.10: By this is conduct constantly determined? -

Ans: Yes -

11

The robbers ravishes murderers for example -

Ans - Yes - for in these cases the prevalent interest (i.e < > desire) is so strong as to shut the door

11 continued

against the idea of every opposite interest, viz. that < > by the probability of < > &c no idea can opperate on the mind but when < > to it: or wisdom[?] the attention: which may produce the same effect.}

12

Quest 12: In this way then these are the most imprudent acts shewn to be consistent with the < > of human nature -

Ans. Yes, and in this is the way in which imprudent acts are committed. -

13

Q 13. In this way then may not these acts of […?] beneficence be accounted for, which with relation to self regarding interest are imprudencies -

Ans. Yes - and thus < > of such acts shewn to be < >

14

Q.14: In a man’s general conception of his own interest you include in his interest you mean the aggregate mass of his interest sympathetic alias social consequently included? -

Ans. Yes -

{15

The deduction made of exceptions in an indefinite number, the following in the character of general rules ought for guiding practice be received as true in regard to the conduct of rulers - viz - 1

1 Such as from his situation appears to be a mans general interest, such ought his conception of it be taken to be: (for only from his situation can such conception be judged of -

2 In case of competition between his own personal & any other interest, his own will predominate &}

15 continued

3. No quantity of other man’s happiness so great whether numbers or magnitude be considered, but the corresponding interest may be predominated over and sacrificed to any the smallest quantity of personal d o -

Ans: Yes - not to speak of others, this is shewn by the general tenor of the Monarch’s conduct mentioned in {a list of extravagances

16

Q 16: This view uncomfortable? -

Ans. No - when seen in all its light -

On the general predominance of self regarding over social interest depends the existence of the species -

125_181.xml

Title: [[Marginal summaries sheet[?]] [Mainly]

Description: [Marginal summaries sheet[?]]

[Mainly in copyist’s hand]

20 Dec. 1816 1 o

Necessity Cat

1 o

II. Application

{3}

3

1

1

Question 1 - Greatest grievance what?

Answer - Taxes

2

Quest 2: - Cause what?

Ans: Bad grievances -

3

Q: 3: In what respect bad? -

A: 1. Cause 2. Nature 3. Effect.

4

Quest 4: Cause what?

A: the ruling and < > for interrest separate from and adverse to universal d o: form superior to that of their share in the universal: to this separate interrest universal, thence constantly sacrificed -

5

Q 5: Sole ruling interest Monarch’s his is not the same with the universal?

A. In the universal he has his shares, but his separate interest is much greater -

Suppose a manufactory < > to managing < > share; if by not carrying it to account he can produce a sum equal to another truth; his separate interest prompts him so to do: instead of a truth he thus gains the whole -

6.

Quest. 6 - Monarch’s separate interest in what < >

Ans - The good things of this world; of each as much as possible: how little soever left for others

7

Quest 7 - What are they?

Ans: I. Money, II Power, III Reputation, IV. Factitious dignity. V. Ease, VI. Vengeance /Gratification[?] of antipathy/ - Ease, absence of all unpleasant labour: Gratification of antipathy includes vengeance.

8

Quest 8 - Money, every thing commonly < > for money; Viz, Land, Goods &c ?

A. Yes -

9

Q. 9. Glory not a good? -

A - Yes, and honour; and other fictitious entities: but included under reputation. -

10.

Q 10. Factitious dignity, what? -

Ans - Possession received with or without power through title of honor immediately or from ancestors; if differs from real, which is derived from individual character, and is high reputation, or the result of it -

Reputation {, if good,} supposes < > object of esteem, whence good will, whence eventual good offices performed by < > conducive to well-being, i-e pleasure and < > from pain and loss -

11

Quest 11: Monarch’s < > being the highest how - < > can a factitious dignity be an object of concupiscence?

Ans - Not in his own Monarchy: but suppose him a Duke or < >, then is that other Kingly dignity

12

Q. 12 - In every man, power of enjoyment < > every source being limited. Monarch having as much of each as he can enjoy, will not his separate interest, thence his concupiscence, end there? -

Ans. In no man does desire end with power of enjoyment. As to money and power, concupiscence is insatiable: power affords pleasure from possession, independent of exercise: So money:

125_168unnumbered.xml

Title: [[unnumbered sheet after 125-168]]

Description: [unnumbered sheet after 125-168]

[Marginal summary sheet[?]]

[Mainly in copyist’s hand]

9 Jan y 1817

Necessity Cat

1 Theory

§ Probity

Probity what

§ 5 Probity how encreasable

or

Probity what?

17 or 1

Necessary that of self regarding interest the preponderance should generally have place, is it not that it should be maximized? -

Ans: No - but that it should be minimiz d. no fear of its being sufficient: unless < > - to minimize it is the slow work of cultivation - of moral art - and practice -

18. or 2

Q 18: Means of cultivation what? -

Ans - 1 Indication of < > advantages to personal interest from action according to social d o.

2. Creating d o. viz - by < > bestowed on social conduct

19 or 3.

Q 19: This then is giving to social interest personal for its support -

Ans - Yes, so far as the advantages indicated are put to personal interest: but if social d o. have place and influence

§ 5. Probity how encreasable

proportioned to that influence will be effect of any advantages to social interest as are thus indicated -

20 or 4

Q 20: Praise how operates it? -

Ans: By giving Prospect of esteem, good will, good offices, services of the praiser and others who think &c. feel as he does -

21. or 5

Q.21. Thus then by praise applied in support of social interest self regarding interest in one shape is made to < > d o. in another.

Ans. Yes - for the pleasure of reputation howsoever social the tendency of the corresponding motive is a self regarding pleasure.

22 or 6

Q.22: The language of praise by what causes is it producable? -

Ans: 1. By desire of giving support to social interest as above

§.5 Probity, how encreasable.

2: By that sympathy which in a cultivated state is produced by any extraordinary sacrifice of personal to social interest: esteem being heightened to admiration by pleasure of surprise -

23.

Q 23: Such being necessarily the general predominance of self regarding interest folly to trust to social to the exclusion of self regarding or the interest of every man -

Ans: yes -

24

Q: 24: What? though he be a ruler?

Ans. Yes -

25

Q 25: The highest in the scale of rulers?

A: Most of all -

26 -

Q.26 - Why so? -

A: 1. Because by his situation in whose breast sympathy for the subject many is minimized -

27

Q.27 - By what means else can this appropriate probity be most effectually secured -

Ans. By such means as increased the difficulty of sacrificing the universal to the self regarding interest -

28

Q 28: What are those means?

Ans: Maximizing the number of sharers in supreme power so far as < > with the other elements of aptitude