125_172.xml

Title: [[Marginal summary sheet[?]] [Mainly]

Description: [Marginal summary sheet[?]]

[Mainly in copyist’s hand]

14 Jan y 1817

Necessity Cat

3

§ 4. Probity how securable

{16}

A - Yes - difficulties abundant: maintain the result, if there were any need of < > with them - This is not necessary - In such a case the strongest securities than can be ought to be had: - self-regarding interest so long as its form amounts to anything ought therefore in every part of it, to be engaged on the side of the immoral interest -

16

Q. 16 - Teaching then duty for official and predominance regard for universal interest a necessary consequence seems to be that no form of government can be so good as it ought to be and might be, in which any arrangement promising to secure the agreement between personal interest and duty is omitted -

But this agreement how is it affectible?

A It share in universal interest finds not in the breast in question any personal interest opposite to it, it can not but determine disposition i e will at least and for its support for the remainder of universal interest together with the tutilory portions of self regard ng d o. above mentioned saving < > on their part

§.4. Probity how securable

17

Q 18. Good - But in the situation in question by what arrangements can matter be so ordered as that the universal interest with its others as above shall find < > of personal interest to oppose it? -

A. That which in his own conception of it is plainly one of his fewer to effect, a man has not in his own conception any interest in endeavouring to effect. Lodge the power in one man, he sees it in his power to sacrifice universal interest to the adverse portion of his self-regarding d o. to the utmost he will < > lodge it in two, so long as the arrangement < > each will find it necessary to allow the other a share. Keep on this adding to the number of the sharers you will at last to that number in the case in which share in universal interest can not be opposed by personal interest being identical with it

18

Q.18. Of such an arrangement would not universal community or equality of possession be the result? -

A. No - only by special application of the form of the religious sanction be established and preserved: nor thus but in a small

§.4. Probity, how securable

scale: too small for self-defence. Two days together, universal equality could not continue; only by assurance of < > to enjoy can < > of production be produced -

From equalization of share in supreme power no such community or equalization of other possessions would result: the community would be seen to be starving: the equilization, destinction[?]

19

Q.19 - As to this element of aptitude it should seem thus, that the only adequate security is afforded by democracy: and that surprising the others possessed in adequate degree - democracy is the only form best adapted to the attainment of the end -

A - Yes - but this condition never forgot to < > it

20

Q. 20 - It all had a share in the supreme power, only the interest of the majority would thus so far as depends on disposition and endeavour be served not the interest of all

A. But in the interest of the minority sacrificed to d o. of the majority their view versa - No objection to our[?] arrangement that it would not attest[?] impossibilities -

§ 4 Probity, how securable

But interests are so interwoven that the happiness of the majority can not be maximized by any means other than such by which the happiness of all will be maximized -

125_326.xml

Title: [13 Jan y 1817 Necessity Cat]

Description: 13 Jan y 1817

Necessity Cat

1 Theory

§.4. Probity how securable

3

Q. 3. You mean in other words /the word which one finds in the current phrases/ that in the instance of each of them it shall be his interest to do his duty or his interest shall coincide with his duty.

A. Yes: take these phrases, either or both of them as you please.

Q. 4. Good: but under every form of government does not every man’s interest /the interest of every member/ coincide with his duty: or to speak more fully and clearly in the instance of every member of the governing body every possessor of the supreme power or a portion of it does not the line of conduct prescribed /pointed/ to him by his interest coincide with the line of conduct prescribed to him by his official duty? Exists there any such official person /office-bearer/ who possesses not a share in the universal interest - a share as great as any that can be possessed by any other member of the community? If not, where are the elements of which in any state the universal interest is composed?

A. Yes doubtless: but then over and above /in addition/ to this /such/ his share the social, the universal the social interest, every man /the public/ has a self-regarding a personal a private interest of his own, which is distinct and separate and distinct from that universal interest, and that /since[?]/ his share in the universal interest, that it is liable continually liable to be adverse and opposite and adverse with relation, and so effectually and practically opposite, as to lead /engage/ him to /to prescribe to him and engage him to/ act in a course diametrically opposite to that which is or would be prescribed to him by his duty - i.e. by his share in the universal interest: a course which taking for his proper course that which is prescribed to him by his duty, and which he is […?] to act in by his share in the universal interest, may well be termed a sinister one /course/: and the interest which noses[?] him on in it, a sinister interest.

125_207.xml

Title: [3 Jan 1817 Necessity Cat 1]

Description: 3 Jan 1817

Necessity Cat

1. Theory

§.4. Probity how securable

5

14

§.4. By what means appropriate probity in rulers may be most effectually secured?

Q. By what other means any appropriate probity as thus explained be most effectually secured.

A. By such means also whereby it is rendered more or less difficult to the man in question to sacrifice to his present interest his share in the universal interest: the security will be more effectual the more powerfully operative[?] are these means.

Q. What then are these means? {in what do they consist?}

A. In the multitude of the persons among whom the total mass of power by the exercise of which the government is carried on is divided.

Q. What absolutely on this circumstance and this only does the effect depend

A. No act absolutely for this condition must be […?] viz. that by which is thus gained in the article of appropriate probity a equivalent or over[?] the equality less be produced in respect of the other elements of aptitude taken together.

Q. In what way by what means was an encrease thus given to the quantity[?] for appropriate aptitude by the […?] of the members[?] among whom the power is divided.

A. By this circumstance, viz. that in the present interest of every other the personal interest of each[?] will find a check. So Suppose on the occasion in question no personal interest adverse[?] to the universal interest has place then in so far as each man’s conduct leads to the promise[?] of the universal interest be with experience not[?] opposite but[?] exceptions[?] face[?] the every other viz. in virtue of each man’s does[?] in the universal interest.

[insertion:] it gives[?] the […?] the use different to […?] effect