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1819 May 28.
Disfranchisement
§.4 Evil 3
5
In some districts /this district/, the pair of Terrorists are both of them Tories: in others, both of them Whigs: in others again you see a pair of these corruptionists grinning at each other for form sake, but pigging together in the same mire. In this last case, the scene exhibited is as every body knows in a multitude of instances the result of a partition treaty: a treaty entered into in all the forms of Christianity, to save the effusion not of blood indeed, but of that which is more valuable /better worth/ than blood – money.
On this plan to the purpose of the universal interest – to every public purpose but that of local interest – of comparatively speaking petty interest – such as the proposing or opposing this or that bill or other measure in which some such narrow interests alone are at stake, the district is and in so far the kingdom /whole community/ are without a representative. But the two personal and family interests, and that same extensive sinister interest in /of/ which Toryism and Whiggism are tenants in common – the interest which both parties have in keeping the door fast shut against all efficient reform – this interest is most compleatly served.
The peace of the County if it be a County is now said to be preserved /secured/: and in this treaty, this peace, with that national /public/ happiness which is its inseparable attendant, are of course the only objects in view: patriotism and mutual charity, the only motives by which it has been produced. It /The alliance/ is the new Holy League in miniature: motives the same; object in both instances alike compressible under the same name – legitimacy.
The plain truth /ultimate result/ seems to be – that in the present state of the representation the ultimate result is, the good produced a palpable though not very extensive good: the good excluded, a good, of which an estimate /of which/ seems not very easy to make: – the good which in case of contest might result from the drawing the attention of the people of the district in question to the state of the subjection in which they are held, and of the irresistible sacrifice to which by this sort of coalition, until they shall have the spirit and resolution to think and act for themselves, their common interest is /best interests are/ everlastingly directed.
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Title: [1819 May 18 Disfranchisement]Description: 1819 May 18 Disfranchisement §.5. Evil 4. Encreasing Country Members 6 2 Reformist. Yes /True/: in the main what you say /bring to my view/ of this notion of mine is correct. But on the present occasion I must present you with two /a/ modifications /and a remark/ 1. In the first place on the part of no other class of men, nor of all other classes put together does there exist any sinister interest the prevalence is by a vast deal so extensive as that which is shared in common by this class. Consider of whom it is composed /the subdivisions contained/. In the first place that whole body of the Peerage: which to the part it has in the power of the Lower House adds the whole of the power of the other House which the individuals its Members are continually on their knees to the Monarch for more 2. In the next place all those proprietors great and small the principal part of whose substance /income/ is derived from the rent of land. Taken together the two divisions form a compact body the numbers of which have one common interest distinct from and opposite to all other particular interests, are continually brought together the principal part of them in a variety of places and in particular in the two Houses, and at the Sessions of the Peace are made known to one another by a variety of public documents such as County Maps and County Histories know how to find one another out upon all occasions and finding every instrument and every facility for combining with one another for the purpose of strengthening and extending /giving strengths and extensions to/ oppression in every imaginable shape in which it is useful to them, have provided dungeons for the bodies /persons/ and musket shot bayonets and quartering knives as the case may require for the bowels {of all such persons as in /by/ pursuit of any efficient plan of reform shall without their consent and encouragement presume to meet one another for the purpose of affording protection to one another against those fruits of the matchless Constitution in its present state.} /of all such partakers in the universal interest as shall presume to seek in the society of one another any efficient protection against the oppression under which they are held by that partial and particular and thence sinister interest./
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Title: [1818 Oct. 31. Parl Reform Bill]Description: 1818 Oct. 31. Parl Reform Bill Reasons Note '.2. Electors Who Universality Objection, this is democracy What then in probability would be the ultimate result? - that as now the effective influence of the people is but a shew, so then the effective influence of the Monarch would for the most part be but a shew. As at present /in the present state of things/ the forms of popular Election are carried on, so in that state of things, the trappings of Monarchy would still be exhibited and enjoyed: the sums wasted upon these trappings would continue to be wasted. In giving this as in my own view of the matter the most probable ultimate result, I do not pretend /profess/ to give it as being in my own view of the matter the most desirable result. In my own view of the matter every thing that belongs to Monarchy being a nuisance, not an atom of it if it depended on me should ultimately continue /remain/ to oppress and pray upon the people. True it is that if it depended upon me, none of these trappings should be cleared away /no such clearances should have place/, otherwise than subject to the application of the uti possidites principle. But rather than that no such clearance should take place it should take place without any such temporary limitation to it as would be produced by the application of that equally human and politic and human principle. Sub Note (a) + (a) The principle, by the application of which each party concerned /interested/ is preserved in the possession of whatsoever at the time in question he possesses: it is of the number of those principles which come occasionally to be applied in a treaty between nation and nation on the occasion of a peace. See Catechism of Parl. Reform Introduction. Ch. '.
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Title: [1822 May 26 Economy etc Each]Description: 1822 May 26 Economy etc Each man would vote for such candidate who would give on every occasion give his support for the individual interest of him the voter, if such a candidate could be found. But no such candidate can be found by any voter. Each constituent would if it were possible each constituent would cause to be chosen such a Candidate as would sacrifice the interests of all the constituents to his: each Candidate his own individual /personal/ interests and connections out of the question rather than not succeed engage himself to each /that same/ Constituent to make that same sinister sacrifice, and rather than not have his vote and interest in the next Election perform that engagement Thus it is with all the Constituents having votes for the seat attached to that District. But, certain points common to all excepted the interests of all these several constituents are in a state of opposition to one another: the interest of no one can be promoted without the sacrifice of the interests of all his competitors and opponents without the sacrifice of all these adverse interests. What is possible to recommend himself to all what is possible is - to promote the interest of each in those points in which it is not opposed by the interests of any others by any other interests: this accordingly is what he does Mean time /At the same time/ among the points which all interests of the inhabitants of a certain district have in common are some which are at variance with the interests of the /all the several/ inhabitants of all the several other districts. The Delegate of that district how then will he comport himself? He will give his vote and interest in favour of the inhabitants of his own district as to these same points. But in respect of the result of the voting what is the evil consequence of this? None whatever. For the interests of the inhabitants of all the other districts being adverse, this endeavour of his will be of no effect: the arrangements which are favorable to the interests of all the Districts to the interests of the inhabitants of all the Districts, or at least to the majority of them, these are the arrangements which on each occasion will be adopted and carried into effect.
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