date

1819 Sept. 22 Parl. Reform Bill
1819 Sept. 22

Parl. Reform Bill

Reasons ult o

§.2 Electors Who

Beginning

2

The only cause /sort of cause/ which the nature of the case admitts of is an /the/ historical one. It is because it has been all along what it is that the power exercised by the Lords is what it is: not because independently of usage and the associations and attachments produced by it, {that is independently of its having till now been what it is,} it would be conducive to the universal happiness – that it should be what it is but merely because such having been and being still the usage, men in general take for granted that the effects of it are of a beneficient nature

It is because it has all along been what it is that in like manner the power exercised by the Monarch is what it is.

{It is beyond the power of man /human reason/ to say,}Independently of usage and the associations and attachments and expectations produced by it, it is beyond the power of human reason /man/ to say in what way the office of Monarch with the power attached to it, is subservient to the universal interest /happiness/ to point out any mode in which any sort of occasion on which it is or can be so

Independently of usage, and the associations and attachments produced by it, it is beyond the power of human reason to say in what way the Office of Member of the House of Lords with the power attached to it is subservient to the universal interest: to point out any mode in which any sort of occasion on which it is or can be so.
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  • Title: [1819 Sept. 22 Parl Reform Bill]
    Description: 1819 Sept. 22

    Parl Reform Bill

    Reasons ult o

    §.2 Electors Who

    Beginning

    3

    On the contrary, independently of usage and the associations attachments and expectations produced by it it is manifest beyond dispute that of the office of Monarch with the power belonging to it not only the tendency but the sure effect is to be detrimental to the universal interest – to diminish the net amount of the universal happiness.

    For from the very nature of man, it follows that the Monarch, who ever he is will at all times prefer his own personal interest according to his own conception of it to the interest of all his subjects put together whoever they are, that therefore on whatever occasion and in so far as between his interest and theirs any opposition /contrariety/ and incompatibility has place, it is their interests that he will sacrifice to his, not his to theirs: and there is scarce any occasion on which such contrariety and incompatibility have not place.

    As of /As[?] in/ every other situation, so it that of Monarch it is a man’s /his/ interest to have as much /large a portion/ as he can of the good things of this world whatever they are. It is in the power of the Monarch to have a much larger share of them than is or can be possessed by any other member of the community: and the greater the share he has, the less is the share left for all the other members of the community put together

    As it is in this respect with the Monarch so is it and for the same reason with the Members of the House of Lords.
  • Title: [1818 Jan y 18 Not Paul Ch.]
    Description: 1818 Jan y 18

    Not Paul

    Ch. Style

    4

    §. Nonsense its forms

    How comes it―it may perhaps here be asked that Saint Paul Interlinear note in pencil: ‘or any man’. having a

    determinate object always / on every occasion / in view ―and that an object of such

    importance can have been entertained / entertaining / any such hopes as that of

    rendering nonsense subservient to the attainment of it?

    Answer―As with other men on other occasions―so on this occasion was it with Saint

    Paul. For the conveyance of instruction instruction applying itself to the reasoning

    / judicial / faculty nothing less than an entire proposition will / can / ever serve.

    But Paul’s business was―not with the reason, but with the appetites and the passions

    and the appetites: principally / especially / with the passions of fear and hope. Now

    for setting to work the passions much may be done by single words by single words

    made up into propositions or even by single words considered independently of any

    propositions in the composition of which they are found. By the single word hell for example what an agony of fire? by the single word heaven what an ecstasy of hope or any rate[?] of desire? By the

    single word eternity what a mixture of conflicting yet ever

    connected passions fear and hope. Salvation―damnation―Lord Jesus―author of the one or

    hope for preserve[?] against the other.

    To words such as these To the purpose of exciting the most lively emotions it is not

    necessary that any groundwork should be laid for them in solid sense: drowned /

    drenched / in a deluge of nonsense they would still be raising their heads above the

    deluge.

    The requisite associations once formed, with no other stock than a moderate

    assortment of words such as these with the phrases capable of being made up out of

    them, without much difficulty may even the reputation even of eloquence be earned /

    attained / , and the effects of it produced.

    JB footnote at this point: ‘ proceed to shew that clear ideas are fatal to

    eloquence.’
  • Title: [1818 Nov r 12 Parl. Reform Bill]
    Description: 1818 Nov r 12

    Parl. Reform Bill

    Reasons

    '1.2. Electors Who

    2

    But in this country men can not endure the idea of any such thing /any such idea/: and if it /the Man/ be possible in after the force of sinister influence has expended itself there should ever be left among those whose situation was less [...?] of their taking part in political affairs a /an efficient/ Majority at once able and disposed and enabled to put the business of government /state/ upon such a footing as shall render the state and conduct of it subservient to the universal interest, generations say who can how many may have to pass away ere any such beneficient /salutary/ change shall have been accomplished. In America the Commonwealth already formed must have in /during/ all that time have been giving the example of the only good form of government, and if that [...?] which can not by any other means be allowed /enjoyed/ this must have been seen, others in the same quarter of the Globe must have been added to them. Perhaps even france must have been added to them, and thus for who can say what length of time have covered with shame the [...?] [...?] /so clearly/ Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.