074_383.xml

Title: [10 April 1804 Evidence Forthcomingness]

Description: 10 April 1804

Evidence

Forthcomingness

§ 6 Appearance - General

Subsequent Appear

French Law

§. 6. Continuation - French Law.

In French law, it should seem, after the recent improvements /legislative labours/ of so many years, this innovation is yet to make. Summoned by the defendant in a criminal cause, or at any rate a capital one, a witness is at perfect liberty. Friendly to the summoner he obeys the summons: adverse, or indifferent, he takes no notice of it. The case in which this was pronounced to be law, and by the first /highest/ person /authority/ in the law, was the case of treason committed against the person of the first Magistrate. +

It means /declares/ just the contrary. I neither dare to appear, nor would appear if I durst. There is one above me /Above me sits a potentate/ whose wish it is to see the defendant convicted, guilty or not guilty. By hope and fear together the wish of that [...?] reigns in my heart paramount to [...?]. Were I to appear, and to be examined, I must save the defendant at the expense of my interest, or destroy him at the expense of my character. Then plea /speech/ may be true or false: but such is the tenor /language/ of it, as plain as it is in the power of silence to speak, by the interpretation of circumstances /with circumstances to interpret it/.

Dans le procès criminal contre leur qui avaient tenté d'assasséner Bonaparte, Demerville l'un des accusès se plaignait de l'absence du Consul Carabarerès[?] qu'il avait démandé comme témoin à dechaigé - Je demande, dit-il, que le tribunal lui enjoint/enjoigne[?] de compaioître - Le tribunal n'en a pas le droit, répond le President. La comparation des témoins à décharge est volontaire pour eux. Ne point comparoître, c'est repondre, c'est dire qu'ils n'ont n'en à déclarer en faveur de l'accusé - Paris[?]-par delties[?] n.220 Fevrier ann. 1800.

Ce principe est faux. Le témoin sommè par l'accusé ne doit point avoir le droit de se refuser: il ne peut point savoir davance sur quoi l'accusé peut s'appelles en témpoignage - ce peut être sur un fait essentiel que lui seul peut prouver - accorder ce droit aux témoins à decharge, ce seroit mettre un accusé dans le cas de ne pouvoir faire aucune de ses preuves justificatives - c'est donner libre carriere à l'homme puissant contre tout le monde - c'est exposer les témoins à dècharge qui compaivissent, au lieu que leur propre sûreté demande qu'ils soient sous la constrainte de la loi et sous celle du serment.

Le refus de compaioître ne signifie point qu'on n'a n'en à declarer en faveur de l'accusé - il signifie qu'on craint de se compromettre en parlant pour un homme accussé par une partie redoutable - qu'on est indolent qu'on n'aime pas l'accusé - qu'on ne se soncie pas de lui -

Le témoin sommé peut-il decider davance sur quel point de fait l'accusé a besoin de son témoignage -

Ce principe me paroit si horrible que je crains de ne pas comprendre le vrai sens du President de ce tribunal cependant, je ne puis en trouver aucun autre. Témoin à decharge, e'est un témoin que l'accusè rèclame en sa faveur. Les laisser libres de paroître ou de ne pas comparaître, c'est les laisser libres de refuser le premire service qu'on doit à un citoyen et[?] à un malheureux.

(Translation)

In the criminal process against those who have attempted to assassinate Bonaparte, Demerville one of the accused complained of the absence of the Consul Carabarerès[?] whom he asked to be [a] witness for the defence. - I ask, he says, that the tribunal call upon him to appear - The tribunal is not entitled to replied the President. The appearance of witnesses of the defence is voluntary for them. Not to appear at all, is to reply, is to say that they do not declare (themselves) in favour of the accused - Paris[?]-by [...?] n.220 February yr.1808.

This principle is false. The witnes summoned by the accused does not at all have the right to refuse: he could not at all know in advance on what the accused would be called upon to give evidence - this perhaps on an essential fact that he alone could prove to accord the right to the witness of the defence, would be to put an accussed in the place to not be able to do anything with his relevant evidence - it is to give a free hand to the powerful man against the whole world - it is to expose the witnesses of the defence who testify, wheras their own security demands that they should be under the constraint of the law and under that of oath.

The refusal to testify does not at all signify that one does not declare oneself in favour of the accused - it signifies that one fears to compromise oneself by talking for an accused man by a redoubtable party - that one is indolent - that one does not like the accused - that one does not concern oneself about him -

Should the summoned witness decide in advance on whichpoint of fact the accused has need of his testimony -

This principle appears to me so horrible that I fear not to have understood the true sense of the President or this tribunal however, I can not think of any other. Witness of the defence, it is a witness that the accused calls for in his favour. To let them free to appear or not to testify, its to let them free to refuse the first duty that one owes to a citizen and [?] to an unfortunate.

JB_538_087_001.xml

Title: [Voila Wilson qui m'interrompe & je ne puis]

Description: Voila Wilson qui m'interrompe & je ne puis pas le renvoyer

Je voudrai ecrire a W. — Wilson s'en va. Je vois par votre lettre

d'hier que la lettre du Comte de warwick est deja

expedie a bataille. Je voudrois s'il etoit possible l'avoir

empeche, & pour cela j'avois dessein de me rendre chez vous

demain. Mais comme je serois trop tard pour cela, & que

j'ai des affaires qui me retiennent en ville, outre que

les chemins sont mauvaises & bourbeuses a outrance, j'ai

differe ce dessein. J'ecris le coeur serr è & je ne scais

gueres m'exprimer.

Cependant Si dans la votre reponse qui viendra Lundi a ma derniere

vous continuez de me marquer que vous souhaitez que

je me rende chez vous, soyez sur que je ne manquerai

point; je me trouverai chez vous si je suis en vie, le

day.

Alas, my , dear Sam, you must write to Q.S.P. I dined

dined there today & my Father told me he had written

to you 10 days ago inclosing a draught for M rs D. &

desiring you to give him information of the receipt of it,

& he has not had a syllable of answer. He introduced it

by asking whether you were gone to Battle; pretending to

conclude that that was the case rather than suppose you had received

his letter.

J'ai ecrit cette nuit a Wise pour le presser de m'exposer franchement l'etat de

ses affaires: lui offrant en general tout ce qui dependent de moi, mais

n'osant pas m'engager a rien de specifique.

Sat. Jan. 17 or 18. 1777.

You shall have your parcel tomorrow - M r Davies

letters &c.

JB_128_034.xml

Title: [15 May 1821 Codification Cttee Rudiments]

Description: 15 May 1821

Codification Cttee Rudiments

From Papers on Codificat. pp. 117 to 120

Materials[?] useful functions

I. To subject between 1. […?] to put[?] in memory. Compass for interpretation

II Legislator

1 Compass. 2. Barrar[?]. 3. Support[?] IV. in public opinion.

III. Judge – 1. Compass 2. Barrar[?]. 3. Support.

IV & V. Citizens at large or similar[?] buys 1.

sense of security and tranquility: affects[?] an intellectual and moral a lesson book.

VI. […?] argument. Lesson Books in legislation Inserendum

VII To /[…?]/ Inserendum Misrule book indicates test of aptitude as Candidates.

Inserendum. }

§.9

As to regard to legislation test of law[?] applied to Constituents: some of […?] to

himself, requiring perpetual reference to it.

Inserendum v §.8 }

§.8

Without this test, no dwellers too weak to make laws p.119. hand on §.8.

§.10. Offer[?]

Codification Committee should not take umbrage at J.B. English Legislature never

takes umbrage at amendments.

{ Inserendum. §.9. or so

In any State /[…?]/ should a Rationalized Code be established, it will form an arm[?]

in Government, it will be an example to all other Nations. In that[?] Nation at any

rate, the reign arbitrary law will be at an end: at an end for ever. For when

rationalized law has made its appearance, very […?] would rather[?] for excluding

/[…?]/ any such proportion as that of substituting to it arbitrary law. }

Jury to Arquillon[?]

Appeal to the National or the Provincial Capital according to the probability of a

good Jury.

Jury to be in each others presence till Verdict is given. This to prevent bribery.

Opinion of the number of the tribunal of public opinion is more imposing when not

pronounced, than when as in the case of a Jury pronounced: pronouncing an opinion some one way some

another, they become parties.

Melancholy the reflection. By power[?] and sinister interest adification[?] easy: by

continual aptitude without sinister interest, supremely difficult.

Leave here the praise of active Talent – The praise of moral aptitude and

intellectual will still rise to power.

+ Grudging not to another and a foreigner the praise of genius[?]

That of right application of power[?] to such an object passive[?].

11 May 1821.

1. + This offer made notwithstanding to publication of Papers

relative to Codification &c. p.1

2. + Refusal of reward – reasons for it. p. 2. 3.

3. Notification of these particulars why necessary p.1. – p.4.

4. J.B.’s aptitude absolute and comparative. p.5

Proofs 1. Public opinion of Dumontiana. 2. Testimonials. p.7

5. Code why not already commenced[?] and published.

{ §.4. Draughtsman single Subsistence.

§.§.1 Reason 1. Securing consistency Draughtsmen subordinate – 1. 2. 3. 4

§.§.2. Reason 2. Securing moral aptitude. Workmen independent and co-ordinate. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9. 10 17 o.

§.§.3. Reason 3. Securing aptitude intellectual as well as moral – draughtsmen […?]

and subordinate: 14. 15. 16.

§.§.4. {Conformity of public opinion to greatest happiness &c supposed –

why.} The greater the number of opinions of which public opinion is composed, the

greater the chance of its conformity and conduciveness to greatest happiness

&c. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22

§.§.5. The greater the number, the greater at any rate its effective force, to the purposes of remuneration and

punishment. 12

Ordo novus proposed 12 May 1821

§.§ 1. Hands divers – Inconsistency as between the division and division division

great viz. no[?] […?] aptitude – moral and intellectual supposed 1. 2. 3. 4

§.§.2. Hands divers, and independent and co-ordinate deficiency as to moral aptitude.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 17. One will as[?] procure a draught conformable to his

interest[?] and prejudice, the others will each of them get in as much of his own as

may be. Hence the[?] consistency, and thus intellectual power of the weak will be

empowered. Inserendum

§.§.4. Hands divers acting under secret direction of an independent functionary,

makes deficiency as to moral aptitude. His sinister interest associated[?]. His

working[?] so far as they can […?] his. Intidum[?] }

§.4. Draughtsman single subsistence continued.

§.5. Hands divers, acting each under direction of superior or superiors can severally

or conjunctly deficiency still palls[?]. Intidum[?]

§.6. So as to intellectual aptitude. 13

Assumed

§.7. Assumed, the conformity of public opinion to greatest happiness &c. 1.

First as to direction.

The greater the number of those who take […?] the greater the chance of the

conformity of their opinions to the greatest happiness of the greatest number. 18.

19. 20. 21. 22. 23.

§.8. as to force. The greater their number, the greater their power as to […?]

remunerative and penal. 12 }

By the […?] for the factitious[?] those who would be absent[?] by the national[?]

mood[?] will be driven[?] away through despair of access

to[?] be what will be said per[?] moral aptitude

{ 1. Consistency

4. Aptitude throughout so far as depends on moral aptitude /[…?]/

3

1. Case 1. Workmen Divers independent and coordinate. i.e. a Board 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10

4

Case 2. Workmen are under direction of a Board.

2

3 1. Case 3. Workmen divers, under direction of a single hand.

5

4. Case 4. Workmen divers acting under direction of a Board. Members directing[?]

jointly or severally.

5. Case 5. Workman one acting under direction of one superior.

III. Aptitude throughout so far as depends on intellectual aptitude. }

§.10 Offer Why

§.§.1. Offer here renewed why. p | | p.1

§.§.2. J.B.’s aptitude, {absolute and} comparative p.2

§.3. D o absolute as for translation & periodical[?]

§.4.

Bonapartes Codes

Code d’Instruction Criminelle Paris 1810 Edition Stereotype – 2 de

tirage.

Pages 140 […?] 643

without Motifs

Then follows 1. Motifs du livre

1. Ch. 1 à 8. pp. 1. to 36

Par Trulhard[?], Réal et Faure Conseillers d’Etat Seance du 7 Nov r 1808

2. Motifs du Livre II

Tet. 1[?] Ch. 1 a 2 par Trulhard[?], Bastier et Petit, Conseillers d’Etat. Séance du

9 Nov r 1808. pp. 36 to 48.

3. Rapport par les Chapitres 1 et 2 du livre II du Code d’Instruction criminelle, par

M r Granier, Membre de la Commission de Législation. Séance du

19 Nov re 1808 pp. 49 to 61.

4. Motifs du Livre Tetes II Ch. 1 a 5 Presentes par M. le Comte Faure Orateur du

Gouvernement.

p.p. 113 Fondée sur des principes de douceur et d’humanité, une institution noble et

liberal par estime ne sauroit[?] etre incompatible avec le caractère et les moeurs

d’une nation naturellement douce, bonne et généreuse.

N[?]. 188. Le nouveau Code criminal, Mess rs a été l’objet des

meditations de Heros-Legislateur qui nous gouverne, et dont l’image révéré semble

respirer dans cette enceinte[?]

All comprehensiveness possibility – proofs of

In these genera[?] generalissima are comprised all the several authorial[?]

queries[?] and […?] that can ever present themselves to mans[?] observation.

1. Ends. 2. Means

Pains 2 and Pleasures 1 que[?] bills[?]

2. Subjects operated in sinister[?]-[…?]

3. Agents operating - d o

4. Instrumental

5 1 Benefits 2 […?]

6. […?] acts, beneficial acts: their fictitious product[?]

services rendered.

7. Aspect of will to the act

1. positive 2. negative

8. 1. State of things. 2. Events

{ Possible que[?] Post[?] can[?], had[?] post[?] nor be immoral[?] scarcely[?] not

possible a little what[?] here[?]

In states as in individuals[?]

Youth[?] the sense of

Virtue: } of claim is the sheet[?] it is nothing[?] […?]

{ Fortunately […?] stands clear of the onslaught which sinister interest would

otherwise pour down }

{ Produced[?] 29 May 1821

Offer[?]

Think of the difference between a body forced either immediately by a Despot, and the

mere[?] acceptance of a Code for[?] J.B. for […?] only. Yet law[?] […?] […?] from