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In the description of the offence for the purpose prohibition, punishment, and other operations subservient to the object /purpose/ of prevention it will be necessary or at least advantageous to the legislator to include on the one hand the whole assemblage of the different descriptions of persons that on any occasion may come to be concerned โ in the production of the obnoxious effect. this may be endeavoured either 1 by generic terms sufficiently comprehensive or by specific terms sufficiently numerous and precise. Neither of these expedients are to be neglected: the latter is useful for facility of intelligence: the former for permanence of effect. The latter will be the work of history; the former, of genius. Observation and memory will be the faculties employd in the description of the latter: imagination, in the description of the former. Specification must comprize every thing that has been done: Generic notation every thing that either has been done or can be done. Specification is necessary for the information of the delinquent, that he may see beyond a doubt that his case has been provided for and that in case of his perseverance in deliquency the hand of the law will reach: it is also necessary /nor is it altogether unnecessary/ for the information of the Judge (it is the more necessary in proportion to the weakness of his intellectual faculties[)], that he may have be forearmed against all doubts with regard to the real intention and true interpretation of the law. But were it only with /had the necessity of it no other/ reference to the person exposed to the temptation of falling into delinquency that the demand for specification had place this would be sufficient to prescribe the use of it: for avail[?] at one[?] and impotent is that law which wants any of the necessary means for conveying to the knowledge of any one of those whose conduct it is designed to guide.
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Title: [nd [wm 1794] Coin 7]Description: nd [wm 1794] Coin 7 The particular nature of the object imitated is if in any respect of moment, no otherwise so, than in as far as on the differences belonging to this topic depend either a correspondent difference with regard to the amount of the loss produced or else with regard to the description of the operations which are apt to be performed in the pursuit of the criminal gain connected with that loss.
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Title: [nd [wm 1794] Inserenda Observations]Description: nd [wm 1794] Inserenda Observations VI. Miscellanea ยง. 45 Anonymous 6 The worst that can be said against anonymous information is, that to the public in respect of the interest it has in the prevention of the offence and the punishment of the offender, it is not generally speaking altogether upon a par in point of utility โ equally serviceable with information from a person known, because it is not so certain of being adequate to the object of it, viz: the prevention of the offence, or the bringing the offender to punishment. If the man were known and forthcoming, you might get out from him every thing he knew: while he remains unknown you must be content with what he gives you. But whatever it is, it may be just so much more than you could have got at all, had it not been for the faculty which the informant reserved to himself of concealing himself: and if what it amounts to happens to prove sufficient to lead to the discovery of other evidence, affording a sufficient ground for conviction, it has then all the good effects that information from a known Informant could have had. To the /The[?]/ public therefore information from a person unknown is not quite so good /desirable/ as information from a person known: because in the latter case conviction may be obtained without further evidence or research which in the other case can not be. But to /But as to/ the /with a view to the/ person informed against, it is either more favourable to his interests than information from a person known, or at any rate not less so. If he is miscreant it is not the worse for him for being anonymous, for it is only upon evidence given by a known witness
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Title: [nd [wm 1794] Coin 2]Description: nd [wm 1794] Coin 2 Different as they are in respect of their degrees of guilt, they agree so far however, as to be both of them referable without impropriety to the head of fraud: the one a criminal fraud, the other a venial fraud. A fraud in general is where a man obtains or endeavours or studies to obtain by means of some false assertion expressed or implied โ i:e: expressed by words or by behaviour expressed according to the nature of the transaction, some gain which is not his due and which he knows not to be his due /that asserts[?] or known by him to be false/. A fraud relative to the Coin is where the medium by which the unlawful and known to be unlawful gain is made or attempted to be made is a mass of matter to which for this purpose endeavours are used to give the resemblance of some metallic mass to which a particular form has been given by the authority of the government of some political state for the purpose of certifying to mankind in general the quantity and quality of it.
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