149_176.xml

Title: [nd [wm 1794] Coin 2]

Description: nd [wm 1794]

Coin

2

Different as they are in respect of their degrees of guilt, they agree so far however, as to be both of them referable without impropriety to the head of fraud: the one a criminal fraud, the other a venial fraud.

A fraud in general is where a man obtains or endeavours or studies to obtain by means of some false assertion expressed or implied – i:e: expressed by words or by behaviour expressed according to the nature of the transaction, some gain which is not his due and which he knows not to be his due /that asserts[?] or known by him to be false/.

A fraud relative to the Coin is where the medium by which the unlawful and known to be unlawful gain is made or attempted to be made is a mass of matter to which for this purpose endeavours are used to give the resemblance of some metallic mass to which a particular form has been given by the authority of the government of some political state for the purpose of certifying to mankind in general the quantity and quality of it.

149_179.xml

Title: [nd [wm 1794] Coin 5]

Description: nd [wm 1794]

Coin

5

In the description of the offence for the purpose prohibition, punishment, and other operations subservient to the object /purpose/ of prevention it will be necessary or at least advantageous to the legislator to include on the one hand the whole assemblage of the different descriptions of persons that on any occasion may come to be concerned – in the production of the obnoxious effect. this may be endeavoured either 1 by generic terms sufficiently comprehensive or by specific terms sufficiently numerous and precise. Neither of these expedients are to be neglected: the latter is useful for facility of intelligence: the former for permanence of effect. The latter will be the work of history; the former, of genius. Observation and memory will be the faculties employd in the description of the latter: imagination, in the description of the former. Specification must comprize every thing that has been done: Generic notation every thing that either has been done or can be done. Specification is necessary for the information of the delinquent, that he may see beyond a doubt that his case has been provided for and that in case of his perseverance in deliquency the hand of the law will reach: it is also necessary /nor is it altogether unnecessary/ for the information of the Judge (it is the more necessary in proportion to the weakness of his intellectual faculties[)], that he may have be forearmed against all doubts with regard to the real intention and true interpretation of the law. But were it only with /had the necessity of it no other/ reference to the person exposed to the temptation of falling into delinquency that the demand for specification had place this would be sufficient to prescribe the use of it: for avail[?] at one[?] and impotent is that law which wants any of the necessary means for conveying to the knowledge of any one of those whose conduct it is designed to guide.

JB_101_115.xml

Title: [25 July 1814 '.1 + Logic 1]

Description: 25 July 1814 '.1 +

Logic

1 o & 2 o

Ch.3.IV. Operations

'.1. Relation to other Characteristics

1

1

 N.B. This supposes subject to have been antecedently spoken of as a characteristic.

Ch.3.IV. Operations to the performance of which Logic is capable of affording direction and assistance.

'.1. Relation of this characteristic to those others preceding it, i.e. the human mind by means of it and under the direction of it, the human mind is capable of performing.

3. As to the several operations which in that field or any of its modifications, and in pursuit of that end or any of its modifications, and thence in pursuit of any subordinate ends considered as capable of serving in relation to it in the character of means.

Whatsoever be the art in which they are required to be performed or in relation to which action is required or the products of that art, the above operations will be found capable of being performed in relation to it: operations - all of them contributing or tending to the attainment of the abovementioned general end, in so far as the art, or the science, or the practice or act in question is in its nature in any shape applicable to that end.

When these are considered as so many species of operations, to the due and apt and successful performance of which the art called logic is capable of being rendered subservient, this topic - the topic of mental operations, is considered as susceptible of being applied to the several subjects of the same art, as above-mentioned, and in that respect as considered in which, in opposition to abstracted or abstract, has been called a concrete or practical point of view.

A different point of view which has this instant been spoken of under the name of abstract is that in which the operations performable are considered as corresponding to so many faculties of the human frame by or by means of which they are performable: and on this occasion {with little or no variation} the same denomination is capable of serving, and accordingly has in great measure been made to serve for the operation itself, and the faculty the fictitious part or member of the mind by or by means of which the operation has been considered as being, and said to be performed.