date

[clxvii. 51] 1820. July 24.
[clxvii. 51]

1820. July 24.

Rid Yourselves of Ultramaria

Part 1.

Lett. 6. Rulers gainers

'4. Rulers gainers

'.4. To the ruling few the dominion would be profitable: hence, naturally, the attachment to it.

Spaniards I have shown you that to you the subject many, not only the To the interests of the subject many, considered, as above, in the exercise of such claim to the dominion but the dominion itself would if possessed be in any necessary way, and in the high degree, above indicated be detrimental -, To the particular interests of the ruling few - to the interests of the particular class of men by whom it would be exercised,- I have at the same time admitted the exercise of it would be, in no small degree, benefical, what remains to be shown is - in what several ways the benefit to that class would encrease in proportion to the burthen upon yours beneficial: and the more so, the more highly detrimental to the /Hence you see what ways: [...?] that the greater the detriment to the/ interests of the subject many. It would make a correspondent addition to the stock of external instruments of felicity at their disposal: of those objects of general desire, in all their several shapes - money, money's worth, power, factitious dignity; provision for self, for dependents, for connections.

True it may be, that if in the article of actual felicity, the profit to the ruling few, were equal in quantity to the loss of the subject many, nothing would be to be said against this dominion, or the sacrifices so unavoidably resulting from it.

But, in the article of actual felicity, the inequality, and the loss that results from it to the universal interest - to that all comprehensive interest, which is composed of the interests of both parties - is, in all such cases, enormous.

Not to speak of the misery - the positive misery - produced by actual war - behold three causes, by the conjunct operation of which, the inequality, with the loss attendant on it, is produced.

1. Of the whole quantity, of the money expended by the ruling few as such, it is but a comparatively small part, that, even upon the most predatory plan of management, can be applied to their own use, in augmentation of their own felicity: namely, that part alone, which is composed of official emolument, and extra mercantile profit (a) upon stores furnished.

2. So limited is the capacity for actual

felicity in the human frame, it may be a question whether, into any human breast, by a mass of the external instruments of felicity, in all possible shapes, and to the utmost possible amount, it be possible that a quantity of actual felicity can be condensed, equal to so much as the double of the average quantity enjoyed by an individual of the day labouring class, whose

Note.

(a.) I say extra mercantile profit. For on whatever sort of subject capital were thus employed, ordinary mercantile profit would equally be made, were the capital employed - not upon these but other articles.
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    IV. Rulers gainers

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    But the inequality, and the loss that results from it to the

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    Thus then has been /I have/ shown, and I hope to your conviction[?] that under every head of profit, the word profit being taken in the very largest sense, the ruling few would be gainers by this same dominion, and to an immense amount, at the same time but they and they alone would be the gainers: and that in every instance, in some instances in a less in others in a greater proportion, by the profit then reaped by the ruling few the subject many would in the correspondently complete sense be losers

    In speaking of these two correspondent and inseperable [...?] less to the subject many profit to their sometimes acknowledged [...?], the ruling few it was impossible to pass altogether unmentioned, that particular branch of power or say that particular application /the subject of corruptive influence, corruptive influence - that particular/ [...?] in use derived from power in general in hands so situated from the whole catalogue of the [...?] instruments of felicity in such hands. Under this head you will see that in so far as /on this one hand/ the people have representation on the one hand exercising government, on the other hand. those same instruments of felicity and object of general desire have place in and are at the command /to a certain amount [...?] in any shape/ of any set of persons whatsoever - those same instruments of felicity in any shape and in particular in the shape of patronage [...?] power of maintaining /placing men/ to profitable or otherwise desirable situation especially in so far as the power of displacing them is added to it, in so far as in any country this state of things has place, the sacrifice of the universal interest of the subject many to the particular interest of the ruling few, are /is/ regularly, constantly and necesarily made: and they even without any exertion on the part of the corruptors to produce any such effort, much more with the aid of such exertion as in a /any/ situation of that sort never[?] have been, as[?] above are, never can any where be grudged. The profit of these, together with an indication of the effect of which it /will/ be productive upon every thing that is good in the Constitution will from it fail in so far as required fail as necessary to be employed. matter of the head next section. +