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23 Decr 1801
Maximum
Ulteriora
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The application of capital to agriculture can not keep pace with the accumulation
of the aggregate mass of capital. It is kept back by circumstances /impediments/
that do not apply in equal degree, if in any degree, to manufactures. The
occupier of a farm below a certain size. So much land as is in small farms /in
farms below a certain size/ is /stands/ excluded from the possibility of
receiving improvement. He sets out with an insufficient capital. The advantages
attendant on operations conducted upon a large scale are great /prodigious/ not
only in manufactures but in agriculture. Where they are wanting to a certain
degree accumulation can not take place. The magnitude of the farm is such as
barely to afford sustenance for the occupier and his family. The produce, the
profit and saving of the | | /each/ manufactures encrease ad infinitum in
proportion to the encrease of the custom he has for his goods. No encrease of
custom will enable even the most opulent farmer to produce a greater quantity of
his goods than can grow upon the quantity of land he occupies. By accident he
may obtain another farm, which by accident may happen to be situated within /at/
a convenient distance, and by another accident may not be too large for the
superfluous capital he has been able to lay /has at his command/. It is in this
way the additions that can be made to the agricultural capital are made. But it
may be seen even by this slight and superficial sketch how slow and uncertain
the progress of accumulation must be in this track.
Similar Items
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Title: [23 Decr 1801 Maximum Ulteriora]Description: 23 Decr 1801 Maximum Ulteriora 2 The grand efficient cause of agricultural encrease is the consolidation of small landed properties and small farms. By selling his estate to a /an already/ wealthy neighbour, a man who is starving upon a farm of £30 or £35 a year of his own, may obtain such a capital, as in a farm of profitable size, would place him at once in a state of affluence. A farm of £250 or £200 a year may thus be brought into the most improved and highest state of culture. It is in this way that small farms are gradually consolidated into large, the quantity of the national agricultural produce encreased together with the quantity /mass/ of population deriving sustenance from that produce, to the unspeakable advantage of all parties interested, amidst the cries /lamentations/ of so many wolves in sheep’s cloathing, and /mixed with/ sheep in their own cloathing, who cry /never cease crying/ out oppression and depopulation of so many idle lookers on who draw pictures of agricultural oppression and depopulation, copied, if they are to be believed from this universally /truly prosperous and universally/ enriching and beneficial state of things. So far, so good: but the progress of this state of things is retarded by the impediments we have seen. Some centuries may yet elapse, before they are compleatly surmounted, and the whole of the culturable surface brought in consequence into the highest state of culture. Meantime capital employd in manufactures encreases without stint, and with it growing wealth and population beyond the incomes of home-bred sustenance. [marginal insertion:] Two factors are of course dropped in this picture: the consent of him who parts with his small property, and the beneficial equivalent, by the consideration of which that consent was produced.
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Title: [18 Decr 1801 Maximum Ulteriora]Description: 18 Decr 1801 Maximum Ulteriora In political economy One of the most copious sources of error is a blind and sordid greediness: grasping at any thing – not enduring to part with any thing – straining to unite advantages essentially incompatible. Goods are to be bought of foreigners, but the money which should pay for them is not to be exported in return. Capital is to be obtained from foreigners, in alleviation of the waste produced by war loans, but the remuneration for it in the way of annuities, and the restitution of it in the redemption of the annuities is to be deplored and fought against as a grievance.
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Title: [18 Decr 1801 Maximum Ulteriora]Description: 18 Decr 1801 Maximum Ulteriora Render x5 The following passage, from a work just published by Dr Render, points to facts, in their own nature notorious /matters of notoriety/, and such as at least may be worth enquiry.
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