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15 Feb y 1813
Church II Topics Ch.6.
9 §.1. Abstract fitness
Part 5. Power over
Authority to
this purpose
(1) special & (2) general.
1. Special when its
effect is owing
to the character
of the person by
2 When general
the persuasion
operates as the
rest of the persons
in whom persuasion
is
supposed to exist.
The lowest special
authority is
where the man
is but one degree
above an
average man. -
The highest is so
great as to
outweigh any
general d o. Locke
would with an
Englishman have
more weight on a
point of metaphysics
than all
the Chinese empire.
Authority — intellectual authority — may to this purpose be distinguished into
special and general. Special it may be termed, in
so far as it by the consideration of the particular
character of the person by whose
understanding the influence is exercised that the effect
is produced on [the mind of] the person on whose understanding
the influence is exercised. In so far
as it is but general the persuasive force with which it
operates is susceptible of mathematical measurement:
it is in the exact ratio of the numbers
of the persons by the consideration of whose persuasion,
indigenous or adoptive, the adoptive persuasion in question is
produced. In the case Of special authority the lowest degree of
persuasive force with which it operates is that which is stands next above
the degree of persuasive force with which, in the way of general authority the authority
of an individual unknown and taken at random
would operate operates. The highest degree is so great high that
no assignable mass of general authority can be found assigned
so great, as that, in an intelligent mind, a single
atom of special authority may not be powerful
enough to surmount it. To this case among others
applies the adage - pendere non numero. In the
mind of a literally educated inhabitant of Great Britain,
on a question belonging to the department of metaphysics,
as it is so commonly called — of logic, as it ought rather
to be called — the special authority of Mr Locke will suffice
to outweigh the general authority of the whole Chinese
empire: to which may be added all the other oriental ones.
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Title: [15 Feb y 1813 Church II. Topics Ch]Description: 15 Feb y 1813 Church II. Topics Ch 6. Declaration 10 § 1. Abstract fitness Part 5. Persuasion (a)? The force of a mans intellectual authority is as his wisdom — of his coercive d o as his power. But when power is joined with folly & wickedness deception the product of coercion. Hence the word forcibly deceptions. - suggested Note (a)? In so far as When the authority which operates is of the intellectual kind, the force with which it operates is naturally as the wisdom of the person whose authority it is that operates. In so far as it is of the coercive kind, it is necessarily as his power. But power the most absolute may find itself and frequently has found itself conjoined in the same person with [+] as well as with the most perfect disregard for the [general] interest of the subject many over whom the power is exercised. the most consummate folly. Thus On this ground it is that where for the production of persuasion, force is employed, deception may without hesitation be pronounced the general result. Hence it is, that, in a word, to the forcibly persuasive in speaking of the a word, that by the idea of forcibly-persuasive process the above mentioned term forcibly-deceptions was suggested, as if it were an interconvertible term, and without any immediate perception of the difference.
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Title: [14 Feb y 1813 Church Ch. 6.]Description: 14 Feb y 1813 Church Ch. 6. 2 p1. Part 4. In practice the persuasion which guides human conduct particularly in religion is of a mixt kind, - partly indigenous in part adoptive. In practice - in matters in general - and in matters of religion in particular — the persuasion by which human conduct is determined - the persuasion upon which a man acts, is very frequently — not to say most frequently - of the mixt kind: - partly indigenous, partly adoptive. Much time saved by acting on adoption belief By acting on adoptive persuasion, in general most commonly much time is saved! Be the subject what it may suppose any a mans declaration of persuasion an opinion in print — that declaration opinion the opinion of one whose judgment as declared is regarded as a competent and apt guide, the ascertaining it may be but a moments work. whereas the forming in relation to that same subject an indigenous opinion, even in a mind ever so well qualified for the formation of it may be the work of hours or days not to say months or years. Note (a) (a) Even mathematics adoptive the persuasion a man is often if not for the most part guided by. A mans refers without scruple to a work of note for a demonstration all parts of which are not in his mind. (a) Even on a mathematical subject — even in the mind of the ablest mathematician - the judgments on which he acts operates will in great part not to say for the most part in some degree of the adoptive kind. On the subject of this or that proposition he himself (suppose) has formed an opinion of the indigenous kind. But at the instant that he has need of it to build upon the demonstration is not — if it be a long one is not in all its parts — in his mind. Accordingly partly for his own satisfaction, partly for that of his expected readers, he makes reference to a plan some mathematical work of be quoted — say to Newton - where the demonstration is delivered at length.
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Title: [16 Feb y 1813 + Church II Topics Ch]Description: 16 Feb y 1813 + Church II Topics Ch.6. declaration 14 §1. Abstract Part 5. Power over (1) By what has been said it has been shown that when a body of authority has been collected (no matter how) credence may be obtained not only to unintelligible but to what did a man suffer himself to examine it would clearly appear false. By From what has been said, it has been it is rendered, it is supposed sufficiently tolerably evident, how it is that, [when, a com no matter by what means, a competent body of authority — intellectual authority - has been collected,] credence may be obtained for any one imaginable proposition as well as any other: - obtained not only for a proposition, of to the terms of which [+] [+] as in the case of an unknown language [+] as in the case of a point-blank contradiction in terms the person individual proposed believer to be persuaded neither does answer or so much as concerns himself able to to annex any meaning, but to a proposition, the falsity of which, were he to permitt suffer himself to attend to it with a view the purpose of forming an indigenous persuasion concerning in relation to it, would have been impressed upon his mind by the strongest and clearest perception possible:— The A process which is in part forcibly decepti ous may be in another part, freely deceptious - In the first place coercion is employed in the second place intellectual authority or of persuasion to which, real authority is not necessary. that in this case the same process which in one part viz. the first former part of its operation is forcibly deceptious, may in another part, viz the latter part of its operation, be freely deceptious. In the first former part coercive authority is the instrument that operates: and the product is declaration of persuasion: in the latter part the instrument that operates is intellectual authority; that is composed of the such appearance or semblance of that persuasion the declaration of which hath, as above, been produced. [+] to the production of which no not any real persuasion of either kind, indigenous or adoptive is necessary; necessary to it? - no, nor yet compatible with it in so far as force is the instrument by which the declaraton has been produced.
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