JB_017_158.xml

Title: [25 Aug 1801 A Polit. Economy]

Description: 25 Aug 1801

A

Polit. Economy

Method

Method

1

{ Method and Leading Features of an Institute of Political Economy (including

Finance) considered as an Art.(a) ( - Adam Smith considered it only as a

Science).

Objects or Ends in view - Maximum of National Wealth - Maximum of Population.

Uses of the matter of Wealth - 1. Provision for subsistence - present

subsistence and Security in respect of future. 2. Provision for Security in

respect of Defence - against external adversaries - internal adversaries - and

calamities to which without human design the community is exposed. 3. Enjoyment

- viz: mere enjoyment, as far as distinguishable from that share which is the

natural {and} more or less inseparable accompaniment of subsistence and

security.

The modifications of the matter of wealth are correspondent to the above uses.

1. Articles of subsistence. 2. Instruments of security in respect of defence 3.

Instruments of enjoyment. But enjoyment being inseparable from the application

of the articles of subsistence to their respective uses, an article of

subsistence is also an article of enjoyment.

Encrease of population is desirable - as being an encrease of 1. the beings

susceptible of enjoyment: 2. the beings capable of being employ'd as instruments

of defence. It results of course from encrease of the means of subsistence and

can not be carried beyond them.

JB_017_201.xml

Title: [30 Oct. 1801 27 Aug. 1801 C]

Description: 30 Oct. 1801

27 Aug. 1801

C 3

Polit. Economy

Method

III. Non Agenda

I. Broad Measures

3. Encouragement

4[?] Encreasing Land

{3}6 Colonies

1

6. Colonization {is} {or at least was} was a folly grafted on a folly.

Encouragement to new productive industry exercised at home, gave actual

production /wealth/ for actual production /wealth/. Colonization, for actual

wealth gives /gave nothing but/ contingent; contingent, which at the best was

distant, and of which the realization was in all cases uncertain, in some

hopeless. The capital employed in the exportation and maintenance of the

colonists and their stock would if employ'd at home at any rate have added

something to the annually growing wealth as well as population and thence the

defencible security of the home territory, by the whole amount of it. Of the

maintenance /produce/ of the Colonists when settled in the Colony it is only a

part that would be exported to the home /mother/ country and constituted a

portion of its /be added to the mass of its/ wealth.

In point of wealth /quantity/ and population, Europe has lost by colonies. The

only gain, if any, is that which consists in mere enjoyment, and that so far,

and no farther, as it depends on novelty and variety in regard to the articles

or instruments of enjoyment: the use of sugar /using sugar cane sugar/ instead

of honey or beet or maple sugar - the making tea, coffee and chocolate

breakfasts instead of the meat and ale breakfasts that contented Queen

Elizabeth: the adding cochineal and indigo to our {blue} dies, instead of being

confined to woad, Prussian Blue and a few others: the using: the using cochineal

and garnetts for dying our clothes, instead of other reds of somewhat inferior

brilliancy.

JB_017_153.xml

Title: [nd [wm 1800] 1 {Institute of]

Description: nd [wm 1800]

1

{Institute of Political Economy - Method {& Leading Features.}

Ch. 1. Method

Method {and Leading Features} of an Institute of Political Economy(a) (including

Finance) considered not only as a science, but as an Art.(b)

Ch. I. Method

' 1. The Science - Precognita and Precognoscenda.

I. Objects or Ends in view.

1. Maximum of National Wealth - 2. Maximum of Population.

II Uses of the matter of Wealth(c) - I. Provision for Subsistence - present

Subsistence - and Security in respect of future.

II. Provision for Security in respect of Defence - viz against - 1. external

adversaries - 2 - internal adversaries 3 calamities, to which, without human

design, the community is exposed.

III. Provision for Enjoyment:- viz mere enjoyment; as far as distinguishable from

that share, which is the natural, and more or less inseparable, accompaniment of

Subsistence and Security.

1. Provision for Defence against external adversaries is by administration of

military force. 2. Provision for defence against internal adversaries is by

administration of the power of Justice. 3. Provision for defence against

calamities and minor physical inconveniences is by Administration of the power

of the corresponding branch of the Police. Application of the matter of wealth

to these cases belongs - not to Political Economy, but to other branches of

political art and science:- Art and Science of War - Art and Science of

Legislation.

The Modifications of the matter of wealth are correspondent to the above Uses.

1. Articles of Subsistence. 2. Instruments of Security, in respect of Defence.

3. Instruments of Enjoyment. But, Enjoyment being inseparable from the

application of the articles of Subsistence to their respective uses, an article

of Subsistence is also an article of Enjoyment.

Encrease of Population is desirable as being an encrease of 1. the Beings

susceptible of Enjoyment - 2. the Beings capable of being employed as

Instruments of Defence. It results of course from the encrease of the means of

Subsistence; and cannot be carried beyond them.

Note

(a) The Outline of a projected work, drawn in the way of anticipation, differs

greatly from the Outline of a finished work, drawn after completion. The

following is something between both.

(b) By Adam Smith, being considered directly as a Science, it is considered

incidentally only as an Art. - Yet of what use is the science, but with

reference to the art?

Note (c)

(c) From the faculty of being exchanged for one another, the several

modifications of the matter of wealth derive a common nature, & in virtue of

that nature are susceptible of this common name. Say matter of wealth, not

wealth simply: for wealth excludes small portions, such as fall to the share of

poverty.}