JB_017_346.xml

Title: [11 March 1804 Wealth I. 1. +]

Description: 11 March 1804

Wealth I. 1. +

2

Political Economy - Method - Sponte Acta

Matter / Source.

1. Matter - Sources - 1. Land. 2. Water. p.9.

2. 2. Modifications - improved or unimproved - p.9.

3. - unimproved - 1. Mineral. 2. Vegetable. 3. Animal. p.9.

4. Use immediate or subservient. p.10.

5. Immediate use - when immediately applicable to subsistence security or

enjoyment. p.10.

6. Subservient use - when not immediately applicable. p10.

Motion 1 Motion may be communicated without contact or by contact. p.10

* 2. Primum mobiles for the increase of wealth. 1. Descent of heavy bodies. 2.

Water. 3. Wind. p.11. 4. Expansion and contraction of air. 5. Volition. 6.

Labour - human or brute. p.12.

1. Operations by which increase of wealth is promoted. 1. Discovery of source of

raw materials. 2. Discovery of land from which the raw material may be

extracted. 3. Extraction of the raw material from the land. p.13.

2. French Economists opinion - no value but what is derived from extraction. p.14

/13x/.

3. Practical inference all Taxes should be assessed. i:e: direct. p.14 /13x/.

4. This is sufficient to refute this opinion, which it takes up pages to do in A

Smith p.13x.

Encrease modes

1. Encrease of wealth is 1. Positive 2. Negative = prevention of decrease. p.1

2. Negative is by 1. keeping in Preservation 2. Relative increase of articles

liable to go out. p.1.

3. Modes of departure - destruction - exportation - p.

4. Deperition - partial or deteriorative. p.2

5 Production of deperition - 1 Destructive - 2 Endamagent. p.2.

6 Reference to Civil & Penal law. p 2

Encrease cause.

1. Encrease of wealth is produced either by increase of labour or by increase of

the efficiency of labour. p.1

2. If by efficiency the quantity of increase will depend on the efficiency with

which the expelled hands are employed. p.2

3. Capital remaining the same, the result of any saving of labour by machinery

(for instance half) must be the discharge of half the men. p.2.

4. Capital remaining the same as before, the labour employed about machinery

being more expensive, would render a still further decrease of men necessary.

p.3.

JB_017_228.xml

Title: [31 Aug. 1801 Polit. Economy]

Description: 31 Aug. 1801

Polit. Economy

A2

Method

I. Sponte Acta

II Matter

1 Source

9

23 D

The mass of that matter which is the material cause of wealth has for its

sources 1. Land i:e: dry land uncovered with water 2. Water: i:e: land covered

with water

The matter of wealth, considered in respect of its modifications may be

distinguished in the first place into matter in in an unimproved state in a

state in which it comes out of the hands of nature, and matter in an improved

state i:e: modified by human labour for the purpose of its being adapted to the

several /whatever/ uses it may be destined to /designed for/.

{ Matter in an unimproved state, is /consists/ either of a mineral, vegetable or

animal nature /of 1. Mineral bodies /substances/. 2. Vegetable bodies. 3. Animal

bodies./

For the various modifications of matter in an improved state see Operations art.

Formation.

JB_099_187.xml

Title: [Polit. Economy 27 Aug 1801 [Col 1]

Description: Polit. Economy 27 Aug 1801

[Col 1]

I. Sponte Acta

First steps in an Analysis in the form of an Encyclopedical Tree shewing how to draw a circle round the subject and how to invent or discover what remains to be invented or discovered in this field of knowledged.

[Col. 2]

26.

Agents.

Beings considered as sources of motion are termed Agents.

27.

Agents considered in respect of the degree in which the effect is dependent on those who are

1. Principal

2. Subordinate

28.

Among agents all that are not animals, and among animals all that are not human are of course subordinate.

29.

Among human agents, every individual is subordinate with reference to those of whom is composed the government under which he lives.

30.

1. Discovery Corporal

1. Objects of Discovery—in respect to modes[?] put 1. /Things themselves/[...?] things/ in the forms in which they exist previous to the disscovery.

/1./I/ Portion of Land.

31.

/2./II./ All bodies in an unimproved state. viz:

1. Mineral

2. Vegetable

3. Animal

32.

III. Articles in an improved or even factitious state, in the event of their having been lost i.e. so circumstanced that either their existence or their situation is unknown.

33.

IV. Celestial Bodies. See Extraction 41.

34.

II. Ideal

II. Modes of giving birth to things of a new form or species.

[Col. 5]

35.

2. Extraction Modes

By extraction separation of a thing from the body which is its natural source viz. Land dry or covered with water.

36.

Examples of it are—as applied to

I. Minerals

1. Digging out

2. Pounding

3. Smelting

4. Carrying away

37.

II. Vegtables

1. Felling (Timber)

2. Cutting ([...?])

3. Gathering Fruits

4. Digging up Roots

38.

III. Animals

Beasts Birds

1. Cathing by the chase

2. by shooting

3. by deceipt as by traps bait &c.

4. Catching fish in any of the above or other ways.

[Col. 6]

39.

2. Extraction

3. Importation

A portion of matter condisered as a raw material is either of home growth or foreign growth.

40.

In case of home growth an operation necessary to be performed in all cases, and the first that is necessary in all cases is Extraction.

41.

In this case an operation by which that of Extraction is preceded in some cases, not preceded in others is Discovery. See 30.

42.

If of foreign growth, then the first operation that comes to be performed upon it on home ground, is Importation: which is to home articles what extraction is to foreign articles.

[Col. 7]

43.

4. Naturalization.

5. Improvement

Preservation.

4. Naturalization supposes previous importation either of the individual article itself or of the parent stock.

44.

It is a sort of negative improvement: the absence of deperition or deterioration.

45.

5. Improvement is a title applicable to home-produced and imported articles.

46.

6. Preservation is a sort of negative improvement: it is the absence of deperition and deterioration.

Sources of The distrinction belonging to this head—

1. Qualities in respect of which the deterioration may take place

2. Efficient Causes of the deterioration or deperition.

[Col. 8]

47.

Conveyance

{Physical

{Legal

7. Conveyance.

local

The labour employd in conveyance is a charge bearing in a greater or less degree on almost every article home-produced or imported—improved or unimproved—on every article/except/except the fruit a man plucks and cuts as he sits under ‘his own vine or his own fig tree’

48.

8. Conveyance legal of the rights of property concerning the article form one proprietor to another.

49.

This species of conveuyance is a natural /tho/and/ usual accompaniment of the other, but not a necessary one. Rum may go from a mans plantation in Jamaica to his house in London without change of proprietorship. A table may be sold or given by the [...?] inhabitant of one room in a house to the inhabitant of the next, with very little change of place.

[Col. 9]

50.

9. Exportation

9. Exportation. By exportation of /any article/any part of the matter of wealth from the home country to a foreign country the mass of wealth in the home country can not in a direct way receive any encrease.

51.

But, /unless/except/ in the case where a thing is exported gratis from the home country to the foreign country (as in the case of a /present/gift/, a tribute or a pledge) exportation from the home country is /a/an/ event necessarily connected either as a condition precedent or a condition subsequent with importation into it.

[Col. 10]

52.

10. Employment.

10. Employment.

An article of rude produce may be employd by being employd either in the way of immediate use, or in the way subservient or remote use.

53.

Employed in either way it will be employd in the way either of prompt consumption or consumption more or less slow and gradual, according to its nature.

54.

Of employment in the way of subservient use whatsoever is not included in Extraction, may be referred to fabrication.

55.

A branch of fabrication is manufacturing, but the word manufacturing is seldom applied but[?] on the supposition that to those articles when fabricated is destined to become the subject matter of exchange in a commercial way—in the way of trade.