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1 Sept. 1801
Polit. Economy
A6
Method
Features
I. Sponte Acta
Encrease Card[?]
3
{3}
28
improvement would be the retaining the same quantity of hands employ'd in that
branch of manufacture, and thence doubling the quantity of cloth manufactured in
the time. But without an addition to the mass of his pecuniary capital which is
a circumstance accidental and not belonging to the case the retaining of the
same number of hands so employ'd would in no instance be possible: For the
production and keeping up of the machinery or other auxiliary means would always
require a considerable quantity of labour, the payment of which would be
attended with a proportionable mass of expence, by which a proportionable part
of his capital would be absorbed.
{ If the hands employ'd in the machinery were paid at the same rate /a rate no
higher/ as the hands employ'd in the manufacture, including those employ'd in
the importation of the[?] wood[?] if it be imported, as well as in the putting
together the wood and other materials to form the machinery the number of hands
employ'd by the given capital would be the same after the improvement as before:
so many hands less as were employ'd in the manufacture, so many more would be
employ'd in the machinery. But this supposition is in fact scarce ever realized:
not only millwrights, but even ordinary carpenters and joiners will require
greater wages than are given to spinners, weavers, and other hands}
Similar Items
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Title: [1 Sept. 1801 Polit. Economy]Description: 1 Sept. 1801 Polit. Economy A6 Method D Features I. Sponte Acta Encrease Card[?] 4 {4} 29 {employ'd in the manufacture: twice the amount may be no exaggerated difference. If then {to supersede /produce with/ the thousand hands out of the two thousand employ'd in the manufacture} to produce by one thousand manufacturing hands the quantity of work that before employ'd two thousand such hands is required the constant employment of a hundred hands employ'd /engaged in different ways/ in the production of the materials and workmanship of the machinery and these hundred handicraft hands have double the wages of the manufacturing hands the quantity of pecuniary capital employ'd not being encreased, the consequence is that two hundred manufacturing hands must be put out of employ, and but one hundred fresh hands brought into employ in the shape /capacity/ of handicraft /mechanical/ hands.} If the hands employ'd on the Machinery should be paid at a higher rate than the hands employed in the Maffacture[?], his capital being the same after the improvement as before the number of manufacturing hands would be still further decreased on this account. Conclusion /Hence it follows/ Encrease of wealth by saving of labour is not quite so great as do by encrease of quantity of labour. Opposition to machinery is well grounded, if no care be taken to produce immediate employment for the discharged hands. At first the temporary distress will outweigh the temporary enjoyment. But so far as depends on encrease of wealth the encrease of enjoyment is perpetual.
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Title: [1 Sept. 1801 Polit. Economy]Description: 1 Sept. 1801 Polit. Economy A 5 Method D Method Features I. Sponte Acta Encrease Card[?] 2 27 But this supposes that the number of hands thus rendered superfluous with /unnecessary in/ regard to the production of the given/standing/ quantity of work are employ'd with the same degree of efficiency, or at any rate employ'd. If not employ'd at all no encrease at all in the quantity of wealth will be brought about by the encrease in the efficiency of the mass of labour which continues to be employ'd: if employ'd but employ'd with a less degree of efficiency, then the fresh quantity of wealth thus produced by the expelled hands will fail of being equal to the quantity produced by the hands retained hands, in a degree proportioned to what the degree of efficiency in the one case wants of being equal to the degree of efficiency in the other. If by means of the introduction of machinery, or improvement in the machinery in use, a manufacturer of cloth (suppose) performs with one thousand hands employ'd in the fabrication of the cloth in its several stages commencing at the raw material a mass of work in the same[?] quantity and quality as that which before the improvement required two thousand hands it might seem at first sight from this statement that the natural effect of the
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Title: [11 Sept. 1801 Polit. Economy]Description: 11 Sept. 1801 Polit. Economy A 5 Method D Method Features I. Sponte Acta Encrease Cause[?] {1} 1 26 When an encrease of wealth to any given amount takes place, it is either by means of an encrease of labour or without any encrease of labour. When it takes place without any encrease in the quantity of labour, it takes place by means of an encrease in the effect or say efficiency of the quantity of labour employ'd. The degree of efficiency {with which the} /on the part of the/ quantity of labour employ'd {or applied} being given, the encrease of wealth produced by the labour will be as the quantity of it. If a quantity of wealth, which before the encrease of efficiency required a year's labour of two thousand men be now produced by a year's labour of one thousand, the remains the year's labour of one of the sets of a /a/ thousand men which when employ'd in the same way or with the same degree of efficiency as that of the first set, will produce a fresh mass of wealth equal to the original one. Reducing by one half the number of men employ'd about an individual work, the quantity of the work done not being diminished by such reduction is therefore the same thing in effect as doubling the number of men employ'd with the same degree of efficiency as before.
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