1823 Feb. 12

Greek Constitution J.Bs Observations as to

Fundamental principles

II. Expence minimized

II. Expence minimized: expence of government

By expence on this occasion as on others is understood /meant/ © evil produced or submitted to for the attainment of good: of good regarded as being more than equivalent or it would not be submitted to or produced

Of expence in this case there are á³á á³á distinguishable branches: evil /expence/ in the shape of submission to coercion at large: evil in the shape of submission to eventual punishment: expence in the shape of loss by thefulfilment of the obligation of making compensation for injury done: 3. Expence in the shape of submission to /evil produced or submitted to/ forced contribution of personal service 4 Expence in the shape of evil produced or submitted to [...?] contribution in the shape of money exacted and submitted to.

Of this expence in all its branches the constantly declared object is the providing the necessary instruments of security in all their several shapes the necessary instruments of security against positive evil in all its several abovementioned shapes: and in particular the elementary part of the military force employed whether on land or water in providing security against evil at the hands of foreign adversaries.
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  • Title: [1823 Feb. Trip. H 1 ?.1. Family etc State]
    Description: 1823 Feb. Trip. H 1 ?.1. Family etc State

    ?.2á³á1á³á. State of the reigning family, and of mine which is allied to it.

    The name of the reigning Sovereign is Yussuf Pacha Caramanli. Caramanli means

    from the province of Caramande. It is the proper name of the family. He is about

    50 years of age.

    His authority, as you have probably understood, from such of your functionaries

    as have been on the spot, is altogether independent of every other. The Turkish

    title of ”Bashaw• as you write in English, ”Pacha• in other European languages,

    imports indeed subordination to the Porte. But, for about á³á á³á years past no

    such subordination has had place: neither ”tribute•, nor any other token of

    subjection, having been either paid or claimed.

    His power is, as almost every where else, where Mahomedanism, /despotic is the

    religion of the State, monarchical/ and without any distinct limits: but, in

    practice as well as theory, it is somewhat tempered and softened, by the

    influence, exercised by that body, in which, in that as in every Mahometan

    country, the judicial and ecclesiastical functions are united.

    About á³á á³á years ago, the reigning Sovereign seated and settled himself on

    the throne, in the manner so usual in Mahometan States, by what you would call

    the ”murder• of his brother. He is however by no means of a sanguinary or harsh

    disposition: and his temper has been rather softened than hardened by age. His

    greatest imperfection is © profusion in expenditure: and by this weakness he is

    kept in a state of perpetual indigence; and his subjects, so at least it appears

    to them, in a state of proportionable insecurity, in respect of property, not to

    say in respect of life.

    He has four legitimate male children 1. Mohammed Bey, aged á³á á³á 2. Achmet

    Bey, aged about 30. 3. Ali Bey aged about 27. 4. Mustapha Bey aged about 18.

    The title of Bey, which may be rendered ”Prince•, is shared with the reigning

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    as fixt. Hence, on every vacancy of a throne, the incidental confusions,

    produced by fratricide and civil war, are liable to be added to the habitual

    insecurity and universal indigence perpetuated by despotism.

    1. The eldest Son ”Mahomet• is generally regarded as excluded from all

    probability of succeeding, by his notorious and matchless cruelty, as well as

    rebellion against his father.¼(¼a¼) For á³á á³á years, he has been a fugitive in

    Egypt. He is unmarried. 2. The second son ”Achmet• is weak in mind: and that to

    such a degree, as to be likewise regarded as debarred from all probability of

    succession. 3. The third son ”Ali•, is regarded as competent to receive the

    succession. A¼o 1817 he commanded the little irregular army, by the horror of

    which, without bloodshed, his eldest brother, deserted by all his followers was

    expelled. He has these á³á á³á years been married to one of my two sisters

    Khadija D'Ghies. By her he has á³á á³á sons. 4. The fourth son Mustapha, is also

    regarded as competent to receive the succession. In the course of the last year,

    he was married to my other sister Fatima D'Ghies.

    Now as to my own family.

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    year 18á³á á³á with some intervals been Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.

    He is about á³á á³á years of age. He has four sons. 1. His eldest son, myself

    Hassuna D'Ghies á³á á³á years of age, born A¼o. á³á á³á 2. His second son

    Mohammed D'Ghies á³á á³á years of age, born A¼o. á³á á³á 3. His third son á³á

    á³á D'Ghies á³á á³á years of age, born A¼o. á³á á³á 4. HIs fourth son á³á á³á

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    Note on the next page.
  • Title: [1823 Feb 19 Greece Beginning Note]
    Description: 1823 Feb 19 Greece Beginning

    Note that on this occasion it is only to the efficiency of man's ”will• that for

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    shape of the fruits of human understanding as offered to understanding not so

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  • Title: [1823 Jan¼y¼. 13 Tripoli. Hassuna to Q. Adams]
    Description: 1823 Jan¼y¼. 13 Tripoli. Hassuna to Q. Adams.

    The Bashaw of Tripoli is in a state of entire independence with relation to the

    Ottoman Porte though he still maintains /preserves/ this subordinate official

    appellation this being the appellation to which by habit the people are disposed

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    á³á á³á may for shortness be characterized by the name of the monster: for his

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    succession to the throne. Of the Bashaws three other sons, the two eldest are

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