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1823 Feb. 12
Greek Constitution J.Bs Observations as to
Fundamental principles
II. Expence minimized
II. Expence minimized: expence of government
By expence on this occasion as on others is understood /meant/ © evil produced or submitted to for the attainment of good: of good regarded as being more than equivalent or it would not be submitted to or produced
Of expence in this case there are á³á á³á distinguishable branches: evil /expence/ in the shape of submission to coercion at large: evil in the shape of submission to eventual punishment: expence in the shape of loss by thefulfilment of the obligation of making compensation for injury done: 3. Expence in the shape of submission to /evil produced or submitted to/ forced contribution of personal service 4 Expence in the shape of evil produced or submitted to [...?] contribution in the shape of money exacted and submitted to.
Of this expence in all its branches the constantly declared object is the providing the necessary instruments of security in all their several shapes the necessary instruments of security against positive evil in all its several abovementioned shapes: and in particular the elementary part of the military force employed whether on land or water in providing security against evil at the hands of foreign adversaries.
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Title: [1823 Feb. Trip. H 1 ?.1. Family etc State]Description: 1823 Feb. Trip. H 1 ?.1. Family etc State ?.2á³á1á³á. State of the reigning family, and of mine which is allied to it. The name of the reigning Sovereign is Yussuf Pacha Caramanli. Caramanli means from the province of Caramande. It is the proper name of the family. He is about 50 years of age. His authority, as you have probably understood, from such of your functionaries as have been on the spot, is altogether independent of every other. The Turkish title of ”Bashaw• as you write in English, ”Pacha• in other European languages, imports indeed subordination to the Porte. But, for about á³á á³á years past no such subordination has had place: neither ”tribute•, nor any other token of subjection, having been either paid or claimed. His power is, as almost every where else, where Mahomedanism, /despotic is the religion of the State, monarchical/ and without any distinct limits: but, in practice as well as theory, it is somewhat tempered and softened, by the influence, exercised by that body, in which, in that as in every Mahometan country, the judicial and ecclesiastical functions are united. About á³á á³á years ago, the reigning Sovereign seated and settled himself on the throne, in the manner so usual in Mahometan States, by what you would call the ”murder• of his brother. He is however by no means of a sanguinary or harsh disposition: and his temper has been rather softened than hardened by age. His greatest imperfection is © profusion in expenditure: and by this weakness he is kept in a state of perpetual indigence; and his subjects, so at least it appears to them, in a state of proportionable insecurity, in respect of property, not to say in respect of life. He has four legitimate male children 1. Mohammed Bey, aged á³á á³á 2. Achmet Bey, aged about 30. 3. Ali Bey aged about 27. 4. Mustapha Bey aged about 18. The title of Bey, which may be rendered ”Prince•, is shared with the reigning family by four others. In ours as in other Mahometan Nations, the order of succession is not regarded as fixt. Hence, on every vacancy of a throne, the incidental confusions, produced by fratricide and civil war, are liable to be added to the habitual insecurity and universal indigence perpetuated by despotism. 1. The eldest Son ”Mahomet• is generally regarded as excluded from all probability of succeeding, by his notorious and matchless cruelty, as well as rebellion against his father.¼(¼a¼) For á³á á³á years, he has been a fugitive in Egypt. He is unmarried. 2. The second son ”Achmet• is weak in mind: and that to such a degree, as to be likewise regarded as debarred from all probability of succession. 3. The third son ”Ali•, is regarded as competent to receive the succession. A¼o 1817 he commanded the little irregular army, by the horror of which, without bloodshed, his eldest brother, deserted by all his followers was expelled. He has these á³á á³á years been married to one of my two sisters Khadija D'Ghies. By her he has á³á á³á sons. 4. The fourth son Mustapha, is also regarded as competent to receive the succession. In the course of the last year, he was married to my other sister Fatima D'Ghies. Now as to my own family. My father, Mohammed D'Ghies has now for these á³á á³á years, namely since the year 18á³á á³á with some intervals been Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. He is about á³á á³á years of age. He has four sons. 1. His eldest son, myself Hassuna D'Ghies á³á á³á years of age, born A¼o. á³á á³á 2. His second son Mohammed D'Ghies á³á á³á years of age, born A¼o. á³á á³á 3. His third son á³á á³á D'Ghies á³á á³á years of age, born A¼o. á³á á³á 4. HIs fourth son á³á á³á D'Ghies, between 13 and 14 years of age, born A¼o. á³á Daughters ¼(¼a¼) See a Note on the next page.
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Title: [1823 Feb 19 Greece Beginning Note]Description: 1823 Feb 19 Greece Beginning Note that on this occasion it is only to the efficiency of man's ”will• that for the purpose in question exclusion is /can/ in any instance /be regarded as/ necessary to be put. To whatsoever contribution can be made /offered/ in the shape of the fruits of human understanding as offered to understanding not so much as any plausible reason can be assigned why any exclusion should be opposed. Thus it is that neither to females, to infants nor to Mahometans does the greatest happiness of the greatest number either require or admitt that the faculty of manifesting opinion by the way of written discourse should be refused /interdicted/.Á Á
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Title: [1823 Jan¼y¼. 13 Tripoli. Hassuna to Q. Adams]Description: 1823 Jan¼y¼. 13 Tripoli. Hassuna to Q. Adams. The Bashaw of Tripoli is in a state of entire independence with relation to the Ottoman Porte though he still maintains /preserves/ this subordinate official appellation this being the appellation to which by habit the people are disposed to pay obedience The age of the present /reigning/ Bashaw is about 50 years. He has four legitimate sons A á³á á³á B. á³á á³á C. á³á á³á D. á³á á³á. The eldest á³á á³á may for shortness be characterized by the name of the monster: for his equal in cruelty is scarcely to be found in any page of history. Driven out of the country by the universal horror his barbarities have inspired he has for some years led the life of an obscure fugitive in Egypt. In /It is with/ Tripoli as in /with/ other Mahometan Governments there is unhappily no settled order of succession to the throne. Of the Bashaws three other sons, the two eldest are married to my two sisters. I have three Brothers all of them younger than myself: Mohammed aged á³á á³á years B á³á á³á aged á³á á³á years C. á³á á³á aged á³á á³á years The two married pairs live in a state of matrimonial felicity: the monster of course excepted both families have always lived in a state of uninterrupted harmony. In the Constitution change which I am proposing I am by no means without expectation of /the/ concurrence from /of/ the Bashaw himself: so urgent are the matters which I shall in person present in the first place to his consideration: but it would be unkindness not only to both families but to him /I could never justify to myself/ the resting upon that single chance the preservation of both families as well as the whole nation from an unfathomable abyss of misery.
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