date

1823 Feb. 19 Greece Beginning
1823 Feb. 19

Greece

Beginning

Of appropriate active aptitude the degree possessed by the functionary in question will in like manner be in the conjunct ratio of innate aptitude, and the effective force of the inducements by which in the situation it has happened to him to occupy he has been led to give added vigour to his innate appropriate aptitude, and at the same time to make application of it to operations bearing more or less analogy to the functions of the Office with relation to which his appropriate aptitude is considered.

Exposure to the effective force of the several sanctions spoken of /here just mentioned/ as capable of furnishing inducements promotive of appropriate aptitude whether with relation to the exercise of a public function such as the above or to the /a persons/ general condition in life whether endowed or not /invested or not/ with any such public function is commonly termed responsibility © his responsibility

Responsibility is accordingly according to the nature of the sanction by which the inducements are considered /regarded/ as afforded distinguishable into political including legal responsibility, and moral responsibility the degree of it being the degree of his exposure to the force of the /action of the/ popular or moral sanction, as applied by the Public Opinion Tribunal.

Note that to each such sanction belong two distinguishable branches © the punitory or say penal, and the remuneratory: the penal, in the case where the inducement is constituted /[...?]/ by the eventual expectation or fear of pain; the remunerative, in the case where it consists in the eventual expectation or hope of pleasure that is to say of the possession of any such things as are commonly regarded as instruments of pleasure or of good in its other shape exemption from pain.

Note however that by any eventual expectation of the matter of good whether in its positive or its negative shape as above no such condition as that of /the sort of condition commonly designated by the word/ responsibility is in common language considered /regarded/ as being constituted /brought to view/.
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  • Title: [1823 Feb. 19 Greece Beginning]
    Description: 1823 Feb. 19

    Greece

    Beginning

    Of Appropriate intellectual aptitude there are again two distinguishable branches: 1. appropriate knowledge or say information, and appropriate judgment say /in other words/ scientific aptitude, and judicial aptitude

    Of appropriate moral aptitude the degree will depend upon the conjunct effective force of á³á á³á distinguishable causes: namely 1. original or innate disposition, and superventitious inducements.

    These [...?] /sources/ by which these inducements will principally be furnished are 1. the force of the popular or moral sanction, as applied by the Public Opinion Tribunal: 2. the force of the political including the legal sanction, as applied by the power of the judicial tribunals and by the other powers exercised by the several functionaries of government. In addition to the force of these sanctions may be added or at the force of the sympathetic sanction acting on a scale commensurate to that of the the whole community and having for its object the happiness of the whole, and the force of the religious sanction But as applied to the conduct of public functionaries the force of these two sanctions does not always exist in any perceptible quantity, and where it does exist /has place/ is not exposed to any such principle of measurement as has place in the case of the two sanctions abovementioned.

    Of appropriate scientific aptitude the degree will be in the conjunct ratio of the effective force of á³á á³á causes 1. innate disposition as above. 2. absence or presence of apt means and sources of information: 3 effective force of such inducements the tendency of which is to engage the individual in the endeavour to possess himself /become possessed/ of appropriate aptitude in the shape here in question by the application of such means to their respective ends.
  • Title: [A few editorial pencil marks, perhaps Grote]
    Description: A few editorial pencil marks, perhaps Grote.

    1821 Novr 18

    Jug Util

    5

    § All comprehensive sketch

    5

    Thus it is that if by contributing to give determination to human conduct Natural Religion be in any way contributory to human happiness, it must be by means of a directive rule or rules or by means of a sanction or sanctions, furnished by it.

    By a temptation is meant any pleasure or exemption from pain the present enjoyment or eventual expectation of which is considered as operating with or without success in the character of an inducement, inducing man to proceed in what is regarded as a wrong path, /to the dereliction of/ in preference to what is regarded as the right one.

    Any step which by the force of the temptation a man has been led to take in such wrong path, /may be termed and/ is commonly termed a

    misdeed.

    The tendency of a temptation is to produce misdeeds, the tendency of a sanction is to prevent them /misdeeds/.

    Temptation then there are as many and as various as the occasions on which by the eventual expectation of pleasure or exemption from pain in any shape a man may be led into the commission of a misdeed in any shape. Temptations are inducements regarded as detrimental to human happiness—in a word as pernicious—say mischievous upon the whole. Sanctions are inducements regarded as contributory to human happiness, in a word as beneficial upon the whole.

    Of Sanctions the aggregate mass may be derided, and in this occasion requires to be divided by means of two different sources of division: One source is the nature of the inducement itself, the other the nature of the source from which it flows.

    From the consideration of the nature of the inducement itself sanctions may be and commonly are divided or distinguished into remuneratory: and punitory: remuneratory when the inducement is composed of pleasure or exemption of pain, held out to view or regarded as consequent upon the proceeding on the course prescribed by the correspondent directive rule: punitory where it is composed of pain or loss of pleasure held out to view or regarded as consequent upon the proceeding in a course opposite to that prescribed by the correspondent directive rule: in other words, as consequent upon the yielding to the correspondent temptation, transgressing the correspondent directive rule, and committing in the correspondent shape a misdeed.
  • Title: [[clx. 339] 1822 July 11 Constit]
    Description: [clx. 339]

    1822 July 11

    Constit. Code Rationale

    Securities

    5. Moral Counterforce

    Public Opinion Tribunal

    ?. Expository Matter

    Fourth Security for Appropriate Moral Aptitude in Official Situations and in particular the all-commanding ones, the counterforce applied to the operation /force/ of sinister interest in those same situations, viz. Moral responsibility.

    Fifth Security, as above, Legal responsibility.

    The counterforces, thus distinguished - responsibility in its two modes require in the first place a joint coinsideration

    By moral responsibility understand here the result of subjection - effectual /effective/ subjection to the power of the popular or say moral sanction, as applied by the Democratical Section of the Public Opinion Tribunal

    By legal responsibility understand subjection - effectual /effective/ subjection to the power of the political including the legal sanction, as applied by the several legal Judicatories that have place under the Government in question

    By the term Public Opinion Tribunal understand a fictitious entity - a fictitious tribunal the existence of which is for the purpose of discourse, feigned by the help of analogy, feigned by /under the pressure of/ inevitable necessity for the purpose of discourse, to designate the imaginary tribunal or judiciary by which the punishments and rewards are applied of which the popular or moral sanction is composed.

    A Jury, supposing the members of it placed /located/ by chance a Jury exercising its functions in the manner of a Common Petty Jury under English Judicial Procedure may be considered /regarded/ as being a Committee of the Democratical Section of the Public Tribunal organized