date

1822 Novr. 15. Tripoli. Securities against
1822 Novr. 15. Tripoli. Securities against Misrule. Preliminary Explanations

Ch. Bashaws Inducements ?.2. Extra-regarding

As to water, whether it be to be excluded by draining, or occasionally

introduced for the purpose of irrigation, capital, to an amount more or less

considerable, must it is evident be expended: capital, the returns for which

will be more or less distant and uncertain.

Now as to fences. Some animals there may be, for the sufficient exclusion of

which, in some situations and circumstances, no very considerable expenditure of

capital may be necessary. But in other instances the expenditure necessary for

this purpose, even where this is the only one, may be very great.

As to human beings, of expences sufficient for the exclusion of depredators and

deteriorators in this shape, the amount can not, in any situation, fail of being

very considerable. For the effectual exclusion of them, if absolutely determined

to gain entrance, no expence, how vast soever, can, it is evident, be

sufficient. In the making of fences in this view, a sort of calculation

sufficiently obvious, is of course made: on the one side, is set down the

estimated value of the damage apprehended from such intrusion, on the other

hand, the estimated expence of such fence as will in general be sufficient:

sufficient to overbalance the net profit looked for by an intruder after

deduction of the value of the burthen, composed of the labour and physical

hazard of the enterprize, combined with the eventual evil apprehended in the

case of detection and punishment.
Similar Items
  • Title: [1822 Novr. 15. Tripoli. Securities against]
    Description: 1822 Novr. 15. Tripoli. Securities against Misrule. Preliminary Explanations

    Ch Bashaw's Inducements 2. Extra-regarding

    1. In regard to land, improvements having land for their immediate subject

    matter, will apply either to the surface or to the interior.

    Improvements applying to the surface will apply either to the soil itself, or to

    its boundaries, or to its means of communication.

    Improvements applying to the soil itself will consist either of the addition of

    manures, or of the addition or subtraction of water.

    Manures are either texture-improving manures, or aliment-supplying - say in one

    word alimentary manures.

    Improvements having respect to water operate either by the exclusion

    /subtraction/ of it when in too great quantity, that is to say, by drainage, or

    by occasional addition to it, that is to say by irrigation.

    Boundaries are either 1st. for mere demarcation, i.e. showing where property

    ends, or for exclusion of objects the entrance of which would produce annoyance.

    These are - 1. high winds, i.e. air when in a certain degree of agitation: 2.

    animals wild or tame: 3. human beings, at whose hands depredation, destruction

    or deterioration are apprehended. Boundaries having any such exclusion for their

    object are stiled fences.

    In bringing to view improvement in these its several shapes, the object is, to

    render it manifest that saving exceptions to a very inconsiderable amount,

    improvement can not be made without an expenditure of capital: of capital mostly

    to such an amount as to require several years of successful labour for the

    reimbursement of it, with the addition of adequate profit correspondent to the

    degree of retardation and hazard. 2. Now
  • Title: [1822 Novr. 15. Tripoli. Securities agst.]
    Description: 1822 Novr. 15. Tripoli. Securities agst. Misrule. Preliminary Explanations Ch.

    Bashaws Inducements

    In general, before the peculiar precious substance can be found in any very

    considerable quantity, it becomes necessary to penetrate to a depth where

    vegetation ends. Here and there however exceptions to this rule have been found:

    gold in particular has, in large quantities, been obtained by extracting and

    sifting the earth found at the bottom of shallow rivers.

    As to silver, in the mixed masses in which it is contained, it has been found in

    a great variety of proportions: in some instances, in a proportion so large that

    every other metal mixed with it has in the course of the extraction been driven

    away and sacrificed to it: in other instances, it has been as it were drowned in

    the less precious metal: and the less precious metal has been sold at a price no

    higher than what would have been asked for it, had no silver been combined with

    it. In particular, this in many instances has been the case with lead in

    England.

    In the case of a mine in which silver is thus found in combination with a metal

    inferior in separate value, unfortunate may be the condition of the proprietor,

    who has expended a capital in the extraction of it. Sooner or later, enters the

    agent of the sovereign and says - this mine is a sacred one: sacrilegious the

    subject hands that have employed themselves in the working of it: there must be

    no more such sacrilege. as
  • Title: [1822 Novr. 15. Tripoli. Securities against]
    Description: 1822 Novr. 15. Tripoli. Securities against Misrule. Ch. Bashaws Inducements 2.

    Extra-regarding

    2. Now as to the interior of the earth. Say in the English phrase the bowels of

    it: meaning in general whatever masses of matter lie within the surface down to

    which vegetation extends.

    Extensive portions of the matter of the earth considered in this point of view

    are called mines. Such portions as are regarded as consisting of earth concreted

    into a stoney hardness, and not containing metallic substances in any porportion

    worth regarding are in English distinguished by a particular name, quarries: and

    so in other languages.

    When separated from other substances, the several different subjects of the

    mineral kingdom as it is called exhibit differences in value upon a scale of

    prodigious length - witness, at the one end of it diamonds and other glittering

    stones deriving value from their splendor combined with their rarity: at the

    other end, clay, sand, lime and coal. Not, however, from the value of the

    species of the matter when obtained separately is the value of the mine that

    affords it to be estimated, but to that circumstance combined with the quantity

    and quality of the labour employed in effecting the separation, and conveying

    the matter in its separate state to the several places where it is put to use.

    Taking all these circumstances into consideration, the working of a diamond mine

    or of a gold mine may instead of the most lucrative of all mining concerns, be a

    losing one, and such in many instances it actually has been. Witness, for

    example, Brazil; as may be seen in Mr. Mawe's interesting travels in that

    interesting country. On