date

1821 Aug. 24 Codification Offer '. 5 Draughtsman
1821 Aug. 24 Codification Offer '. 5 Draughtsman single

Of this same connection the other bond is fear: in the breast of the Monarch,

fear of that resistance and retribution which at the hands of his subjects a

certain portion of infelicity produced in their breasts, by the exertions made

for the encrease of his felicity at the expence of theirs, may incidentally

become productive. To no Monarch can the subject many ever have /ever/ failed or

ever cease, to be objects of contempt and hatred: contempt, on the score of

their deficiency in respect of those instruments of enjoyment which he has been

suffered by them to heap up accumulate upon himself at their expence, and on the

score of the intellectual weakness manifested by their patience under a course

of unceasing injury: a patience produced by the conjunct powers of force,

intimidation, corruption and delusion exercised by him on their minds.

In so far as by the consumateness of their patience his contempt of them is

rendered proportionably consummate, no such affection as that of hatred takes

place: there is no cause for it. But, no sooner is the patience seen to give way

to impatience than the contempt begins to give way, and hatred to take its

place: and the less intense the contempt is, the more intense is the hatred.

To a certain degree hatred can never fail to have place: for, his desires being

constantly and necessarily insatiable and encreasing, no gratification which

their patience and obsequiousness are ever disposed to afford, or are so much as

capable of affording can ever keep pace with him. But when the united powers of

force, intimidation, corruption and delusion beginning to fail, depredation and

oppression have on their part produced discontent, and in the train of

discontent, disaffection, disobedience, resistance and insurrection have in his

imagination become visible, then it is that, in proportion to the fear excited

by the prospect, contempt diminishes and hatred swells.
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    namely in proportion to the /any/ influence which the subject many happen to have

    in the choice and in the conduct of those same hands

    To the production of so much of the felicity of the subject many as is secured as

    above by their existence no exertion of the intellectual faculty on the part of

    the Monarch is necessary. As to so much, between his felicity and theirs in the

    quality of causes and effects no relationship in the direct line has place Of

    This part the existence is therefore at all times certain: and it is the only

    part that is so. But to the production of so much of their felicity to the

    diminution of which a restraint is capable of being imposed by fear on his part

    as above, more or less of thought /is/ on his part is necessary. For fear of

    seeing his own felicity lessened by means of discontent on their part, it

    becomes more or less an object with him to endeavour lessen /diminish/ it. Not

    that on their account their felicity is an object with him in this case than in

    the other: it is even still further from being so in this case than in the

    other: for by this his fear of them his hatred of them is encreased: still

    however it is an object with him: it is not as his own felicity is an ultimate

    object - but it is an intermediate object.

    hatred in proportion as the burthen meant principally for the subject many falls

    upon them the sub-ruling few, or as the share allotted to them out of the

    plunderage fails of being correspondent to their expectations

    hatred of the Monarch in proportion and only in proportion as the burthen imposed

    by him falls upon them, having incidentally place in their breasts and operating

    in encrease of that fear by which alone as above any alleviation in the burthen

    imposed upon the subject many is produced.

    So in the case of the limited Monarchy. In the breasts of the sub-ruling few, as

    towards the subject many, are produced the same antisocial affections, contempt

    and hatred - with the vacillating effects produced by the intervention of fear:

    as in the breast of the Monarch, and by the same causes: hatred and contempt,

    antagonizing with one another, and exercising always disputed though always

    conjunct dominion, as above.

    In proportion as, by the apprehension of resistance at the hands of the subject

    many, fear is produced in the Monarch's breast, a diminution more or less

    considerable in the quantum of the sacrifice which he had been in use to make of

    their happiness to his own, is a consequence not altogether incapable of taking

    place. Of such fear it is true a proportionable degree of hatred can not fail to

    be the result: the result will be relief or exacerbation according to the

    comparative intensity &c. In this case the more intense his hatred of them

    the less afflictive may at the same time be the treatment any receive at his

    hands. The diminution in their unhappiness and the diminution in his happiness

    have in this case one cause. That cause is fear - fear by which at the same time

    his hatred of them is encreased and his ill usage of them is diminished, and

    consequently their unhappiness more or less diminished: but still however it is

    not by his hatred of them that the unhappiness is diminished: it is not by his

    hatred of them but by his fear of them which was the cause of it.
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    So in the case of the limited Monarchy. In the breasts of the sub-ruling few, as

    towards the subject many, are produced the same antisocial affections - contempt

    and hatred - as in the breast of the Monarch, and by the same causes: hatred

    towards the Monarch having, however, incidentally place in their breasts, and,

    by the apprehension of it operating in encrease of that fear on his part, to

    which the subject many are indebted for whatever alleviation their burthen ever

    experience: hatred of the Monarch, in proportion as the burthen intended

    principally for the subject many presses upon them the sub-ruling few, or as the

    share allotted to each man out of the plunderage fails of coming up to his

    expectations.
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    The whole of the matter appropriated to the personal service of the Monarch is at

    the same time appropriated to the service of the Representatives of the people:

    matter of corruptive influence reserved for their own use to be applied in the

    production of corrupt obsequiousness on their part in remuneration for the

    sacrifice they determine to make of the greatest happiness of the greatest

    number to the happiness of [...?] corrupt partnership formed between the Monarch

    and themselves

    Absolute Monarchy may, by possibility, if the minds of the people are kept in a

    certain degree of debasement - of inanity or poisonous repletion - live for

    ever. In one way or other, every limited Monarchy is, as surely as every living

    individual, doomed to die. Democracy - representative democracy - is the only

    Government formed by Nature for immortality: the only Government in which the

    seeds of death were not sown at its birth: the only government which has nothing

    to fear but from external force.

    In a limited Monarchy the whole of the money levied on the people for general

    purposes, together with a large portion of that which is so levied on them for

    local or other general purposes, operates, upon the Representatives of the

    people, whether real representatives or factitious, operates of itself and

    without need of any hand to give direction to it /guide it/, in the character of

    the matter of corruptive influence: that part which with reference to the

    maintenance of government is necessary has that destination /operates with that

    effect/: that part which is in excess has that destination and no other

    If the [...? ...?] of true faith and thence of [...?] is as the quantity of money

    possessed by Clergy doing something or nothing for it, they are inexcusable in

    setting bounds to it: if not, in allowing any at all.

    If it be in the /the unchangeable/ nature of man to hate every thing and every

    body /thing by which and/ by whom he is made to suffer without any reason being

    assigned why he should be so dealt with, let it be said how it should happen

    that any government by which the greater number are made to suffer for the

    benefit of the lesser should not to the greater /that same/ number become an

    object of hatred, and in so far as is consistent with fear as well as hatred an

    object of contempt, in so far as it is understood to be that which as above it

    is /what it is/: and whether in the consigning to punishment by penal laws every

    man who does any thing towards causing it to be an object of hatred and contempt

    there by any thing that can diminish - there be any thing that can fail to

    encrease, that hatred and contempt: and whether it be in the nature of the case

    that in a state of things in which in spite of the whole form of government,

    every man has it in his power to hold communication with every other man, it be

    in the nature of the case /things/ that a government which to the greater number

    is naturally an object of hatred should long continue.