JB_024_438.xml

Title: [1823 Jan¼y¼. 25 Tripoli. H. to Q.A. ?.1.]

Description: 1823 Jan¼y¼. 25 Tripoli. H. to Q.A. ?.1. Reigning and H.'s family etc

It is by him and him alone that I have been led to look to the United States as

affording the only example of a government in which the greatest happiness of

the greatest number is the object really pursued: by him, I have been encouraged

and supported in the wish which with so much ardour I have for many years

entertained © the wish of contributing to impart the blessings of it, to the

oppressed and suffering country in which I drew my first breath.

For a purpose such as that in question The state of the other countries of North

Africa is pretty sufficiently known to me Before I left my own, my fathers

situation in it enabled me to obtain a conception more or less particular

á³á[...?]á³áand correct on that head in relation to every one of them, not to

speak of the less civilized countries of the interior to the South. To Tunis I

had made several visits, and formed an acquaintance with the leading characters.

In regard to Algiers in addition to what I possessed at that period I have very

recently obtained much and valuable information from Hamdan ben Othman Khoja © a

most intelligent and worthy man who is high in the confidence of the Dey. for

more than three years he has been in London making considerable purchases. I

have been on terms of intimacy with him. A few weeks ago he returned to Algiers

by way of Paris and Marseilles. With him at his request I have entered into a

confidential correspondence, having for its object the impressing the

inhabitants of North Africa, with the persuasion, that good government, as near

as may be approaching to that of the United States, would be the effectual, and

the only possible, means of relief from that state of insecurity, and consequent

penury, of the miseries of which they are so universally and acutely sensible.

At our request Mr Bentham has consented to endeavour to procure in this view

insertion for articles which Khoja requested permission to send him from time to

time in the most liberal and best conducted of the London Newspapers.

Unfortunately, Khoja, though a man of learning in the Mahometan stile, and

though in conversation he expresses himself, with more or less facility, in

English as well as French, is not able to read in either language. But he takes

with him a son of his, aged eighteen, who for these three last years had been at

a Boarding School near London, and is said to have made such a proficiency in

English as to be capable of passing for an Englishman.

In Egypt, amongst others, my Father and I have a confidential correspondent in

”Ibrahim Pacha•:© a man well known to the Officers of the English Army that

served in Egypt: he having been the means of their getting possession of

Alexandria. He resides there, with the function of Ambassador from our Sovereign

to the Pacha of Egypt a function we obtained for him for his greater

security.

JB_024_392.xml

Title: [1823 Jan J.B. to Q.A. for Trip. Bayonet]

Description: 1823 Jan J.B. to Q.A. for Trip.

Bayonet-fighting Sole armies that will attack with bayonet, English and Russian

The others confine themselves to musketry and the sort of countenance they can

shew: if attacked with the bayonet, they retreat, trusting to nothing but their

fire. Per Sir Rob. Wilson 9 or 10 Jany 1823

1. Torrens invention 2. Khoja the Algerine.

Arguments to U.S

Glory to U.S. giving to the rest of the world ultimate deliverance from this

plague.

At the same time, demonstration of their own disinter[est]edness their

determination not to possess foreign dependencies.

Certainty, and speediness, and extent of success, will be as the magnitude of

the force sent. At any stage, U.S. may stop and its force depart [...? ...?

...?] it might stay, until reinforcement with concurrence of Congress might

arrive Facienda by U.S. Force Proclamation from U.S Army that U.S will

not take possession of the country or any part or give it up to any other state

Argument Sole object - establish a popular Government on which all others can

depend, that so piracy may be for ever at an end.

Hassuna no intended despot. If I attempt any such thing, let this be produced

against me by Your Commander.

Argument - Use of U.S. Force [...?] use of U.S. Army - affording instructions to

Trip. as to this new Constitution

Inducements to U.S Tunis \ZA\ For account of Tunis see MacGill spoken of in

Blaquiere. Argument - Glory - Humanity Under the auspices and guarantee of U.S

Tripoli etc will for the first time see a plan of change in which a prime object

is the saving of the Sovereigns life.

Interpolate mention of J.B H. his Disciple

I have learnt the only proper end and principle of government, and the mode of

applying it from Mr Benthams works that are in French I have taken a general

view of the field of art and science from his Chrestomathia.

Respect for the religion to be professed and testified

1. June 1821. Hassuna arrived in London 2 June or July 1822 first saw J.B. - has

it in his Journal. 3. 1821 8th or 9th March arrived at Brussels from Paris made

the tour of the Netherlands, returned to Brussels - thence he came to London by

the way of Ostend

Knew Tarte[?] at Brussels - employed here in the affair with the Spanish

Government Quotes J.B. [...?] Saw Baron Nagel at Brussels - he was Secretary for

foreign affairs there: attached to Metternich

Oct. or Nov 182 Mohammed Ismail Khan left Hassuna at Paris, and came directly to

London. Acquaintances of Mahommed Ismail whom he sees say once a Month 1 Sir

Gore [...?] 12 Brinton[?] Street 2. Sir Alexander Johnstone - at his House

Hassuna saw Mackintosh The first time H. saw the Duke of Somerset it was at Sir

Alexander J.'s 3. Colonel Bailey 19 Devonshire Place Wimpole Street 4 General

Sir John Malcolm Manchester Street Manchester Square 5. James Taylor Portland

Place No G3: made his fortune in India Hassuna introduced Mohammed there Refer

for knowledge of Hassuna to Capt. Banbridge or Bainbridge of the U.S. Frigate

Philadelphia [...? ...? ...? ...? ...?] 1st receives 2d do etc Lately appointed

U.S Consul at Tripoli, Mr Saunderson.

Egypt. A confidant of Hassuna Ibraham Pacha resides at Alexandria. For security

has the function of Resident there from Tripoli. Is well known to the Officers

of the English Army, having been the means of their getting possession of

Alexandria.

Ostensible cause Security of U.S. Mediterranean trade.

Impute not imbecillity to me for the openness with which I have written /thus

been writing/ to you. I understand to what individual as well as to what nation

I am written. I should not have written in this manner or any thing like it to

any Servant of a crowned head

1823 Jany 30 Trip. J.B. and H. to Q.A

29 Jany 1823 Per Bowring [...?]

[Sheet attached to xxiv. 392] Spanish Settlements in North Africa Centa all in

Fez - 3000 inhabitants without the criminals Pen~on de Velez 2246 inhabitants -

without the criminals Alhuzema Melilla Oran and Mazarquiver were lost in 1792

The cost of the whole is very considerable. The returns absolutely nothing. They

are of little value to repress the Moors and the number of criminals is very

inconsiderable J Bo: to J Be Esq Above is the information referred to I had

forgotten that Mazarquiver was no longer Spanish 5 Jeffrey's Square

30/1/1823

JB_024_566.xml

Title: [1823. Feby. 4. Trip. H. ?.1 Family etc State]

Description: 1823. Feby. 4. Trip. H. ?.1 Family etc State

(a.) Instances of the cruelty of Mahomet Caramalli eldest son of the Bashaw of

Tripoli, Ao. 1817. From Della Scalas "Narrative of an Expedition from Tripoli to

the Western frontier of Egypt: translated by Aufrere. London. 8vo.

p.4. to 6. "Among all the monsters generated by Africa, which by the ancients

was denominated the country of monsters, the first place is due to Mhamet

Karamalli, eldest Son of the present Pacha of Tripoli; of intellect the most

obtuse and impenetrable; of mind the most grovelling and unenlightened; and of

disposition the most brutal; unbridled in the gratification of the most

atrocious passions, there is no cruelty with which he is not stained, no

violence which he has not committed; and one of his choicest pleasures was to

watch the convulsive motions, comparative sufferings, and dying agonies of some

of his slaves, to whom he occasionally caused graduated doses of arsenic to be

administered. This savage having been employed by his father, at the head of a

small army, to reduce to obedience a tribe of Bedouins who had infested the

shores of the gulph, ravaged the adjoining districts, and (proh nefas!) refused

to pay the customary tribute, he so fully executed the commission, that not a

single one of the whole tribe remained alive.

"Upon his return to Tripoli, elated with the success of his sanguinary

expedition, and accustomed to the most implicit and blind obedience to his

orders; he no longer treated his father with respect, but in one of his many

sallies of passion, struck at him with a poniard, which was fortunately warded

off by a female slave. Instead of punishing him as he deserved, and depriving

him of the means of further aggression, his father sent him out as governor of

the provinces of Bengasi and Derna, upon the eastern frontier of his

territories, inhabited by a powerful tribe of Bedouins, called Zaasi, long ill

affected towards the Pacha, and frequently breaking out into open rebellion. But

no sooner was the new governor arrived at Bengasi, than the Pacha found that in

his son he had given a chieftain to the malcontents: and the rebellion spreading

rapidly throughout those provinces, the Pacha judged it expedient to dispatch a

considerable body of troops under the command of his second son, Bey Ahmet, in

order to check the progress of the insurrection, and punish the treacherous

conduct of the rebellious son....

p.179. to 180. "At Derna we had speaking proofs of the cruelties committed by

the rebellious Bey previous to his retreat; for the ground in the fort was

stained with the blood of those whom the monster, at the moment of marching, had

sacrificed to his passion and suspicions. The first victims were his female

slaves, who were slaughtered because he did not choose that others should

possess what had once belonged to him, and because he thought they would retard

his flight."