JB_129_265.xml

Title: [1820 Feb. 20 Necessity of Radicalism]

Description: 1820 Feb. 20

Necessity of Radicalism proved from the Radical Principles of Constitutional Law

Heads proposed

1

Topics 20 Feb. 1820

{ §.1. Governors interest every where opposite to governed’s d o –

self regard g interest predominate: one requires maximum of

inequality the other of equality

§.2. This applied to the several repeated instruments of falsity, not dependent upon

common self. 1 in the case of Monarchy: 2 In the case of Aristocracy. 3 In the case

of Democracy

§.3. Opposite to the assumption made by all advocates of all governments but

democratical – by writers in general – The notion a vulgar error – the dissemination

of it a fallacy

1 Causes of the error and correspondent fallacy

§.5.2 Consequences in regard to 1. Political Institutions

promoting misconduct in all public functionaries: by sinister application of the 3

Sanctions

§.6. – 2 – National intellectual strength and moral purity.

§.7. Practical result.

1. In new communities representative democracy

2. In Britain, democratic ascendancy

§.8. Course to be taken for counteracting the effect of the vulgar error and

correspondent fallacy}

{§.4. Origin of the vulgar error and correspondent fallacy}

{Title proposed 20 Feb. 1820

Necessity of Radicalism proved from the radical principles on the field of

Constitutional law, as deduced from experience.

Ch.1.* Equality – its subservience to general felicit[?]

§.1. + Sole justifiable end of government – greatest happiness of

the greatest number

§.2. Maximum of equality the tendency measu}

§.1. Sole justifiable all-comprehensive end of government – greatest happiness of

greatest number

§.2. Distinguishable particular ends, subsistence abundance equality, security –

their relation to each other. See Dum.[?] Princip.

§.3. Subsistence and security obtained, equality the leading means of happiness –

happiness so far as depends on things exterior to man, is in proportion to it

§.3. Means of {happiness} /{felicity}/ exterior to a mans self, d o interior: - exterior, the d o instrument of felicity.

§.4. Instruments of felicity

1. Common to governors and governed: 1 matter of wealth (i.e. of subsistence and

abundance) and 2. natural power

§.5. Instruments of felicity created and reserved to themselves by government 1

factitious dignity. 2 privileged vengeance. 3 factitious ease.

§.6. Maximum Equality in respect of wealth in so far as consistent with security and

abundance – its subserviency to general felicity.

§.7. Equality in respect of power, its subserviency to general felicity abstraction

made of the effects on government

§.8. Equality in respect of the powers by which government is constituted – its

subserviency /necessity/ to good government. (Reasons follow.) Sole good form of

government representative Democracy.

§.9. Cause of the bad side[?] of every other form of government. Necessity of

predominance of self-regarding interest over social in every human breast: consequent

propensity in governors to engross as much as possible the whole mass of the exterior

instruments of felicity, at the expence of the governed.

§.10. Consequence – under every form of government, sacrifice of the interest of the

governed to their own carried by the governors to the highest pitch possible.

Effect of the corresponding propensity since[?] on the severally[?] part[?] of

govern. what?

§.11/ 2/. Use made by them if to this purpose of the several

sanctions or sources of inducement by which human conduct is influenced and

determined: viz. 1 the physical. 2. the retributive. 3. the political including the

legal. 4. the popular or moral: 5. the sympathetic. 6. the super-human or religious.}

§. 13 Opposite Assumption made {to the opposite of fact} by all

governors, and their supporters in every government but a democracy. – its absurdity

and extravagance vulgar error contained in it. – fallacy employed in the

dissemination of it.

1820 Feb. 20

Necessity of Radicalism proved from the Radical Principles of

Constitutional Law –

Heads proposed

2

§. 14 Causes of the rise and predominance of this error – craft

on the one part intellectual weakness on the other

§. 15 Consequences of this error – means by which it produces

misconduct on the part of governor, infelicity on the part of the governed.

§. 16 In all contests between governors and governed, the

greatest pox[?] only blames his […?] on the part of the governors.

§. 17 Application made of the error in the case of the English

Constitution – ways in which it produces misconduct in necessary official situations

– depradation – oppression – waste.

§.17* Continuation – Ways in which it gives birth to needless useless and pernicious

situations – religious establishments

§. 18 Blindness /Insincerity/ and mental weakness produced by it

in all minds of the Representative democracy and democratic ascendancy – democracy

the sole eligible government in a new-formed state – democratic ascendancy preferable

in the United Kingdom – why

§ 20 Objections to representative democracy and democratic ascendancy, their futility

– confutation given to them by experience. See Radicalism not dangerous.

§.21 Course to be taken for eradicating the radical /vulgar/ error the prevalence of

which is thus incompatible with good government.

Inserenda 24 Feb. 1820

§ In a mixt Monarchy, corruption is effectual, inseparable and all-pervading.

§.18* or 13*. Groundless and ridiculous laudation and adulation produced by it (Every

thing most religious – Portraits in the Liturgy like Portraits and Plans and Views in

old Chronicles

§.17* English Constitution By what accidents the good there is in it was produced.

King and Barons found more[?] money could be got from people by cajolement than

force.

King and Barons mutually called on the people.

When nothing could be done without people’s representatives – they found it

necessary to let in Lords – they and Lords to let in People’s representatives for a

share of the plunder.

§. Of Distant Dependencies sure effect preponderate evil in the governing and

governed states. Yet by accident the only good form of government was the result of

Colonization

§.9*. or[?] Every man[?] has its price no more than are imperfect rudiments of the

essential[?] […?]

§. For the same reason that English mixt Monarchy is good as compared with pure

Monarchy it is bad as compared with Repres. ve Democracy

Inseparable from such mixture is the growing worse and worse.

§. Among the power rulers a universal error or pretence is that {for} the[?]

political power[?] men are exempted from moral obligation: that by such hands

whatever is done is right.. On this need[?] /ground/ the language of England can not

be outstretched /outstripped/ by the language of Spain.

§.21. If each Monarch & Aristocrat is in the right in maintaining[?] the

inequity each individual of the subject many is not the less in the right in

endeavouring to release himself from under it: he is not only […?] to himself but to

all others who are in his case.

§ Nobilitas sola atque unica virtus.

036_133.xml

Title: [[xxxvi. 133] 1822 June 29 Constitut]

Description: [xxxvi. 133]

1822 June 29

Constitut. Code

Supreme Operative

I. Monarch

His interest sinister

2. Take in the next place the four immediately subordinate ends of the Non-penal or distributive branch of law: Subsistence, Abundance Security and Equality in so far as the less important are compatible with the more important, maximized.

1. Subsistence. This it is true it is his interest they should have: that is to say such of them as are in a condition to work and can be made to work: for, unless he lives, man can not work. /for man can not work any longer than he lives./

But it is the interest of the greatest number that whether able or not able to work they should live which is as much as to say that they should subsist that they should have subsistence /in which is included the having subsistence/.

2. Abundance. This also it is his interest they should have: and the more /greater the quantity/ they acquire /produce/ and thence have, the greater the quantity which it will be in his power, as it can not fail to be in his inclination, to get out of them /these/ for himself. But so long as by any act of his, any addition how small so ever, which could not otherwise be made to the stock of the matter of abundance to the stock of their portions neither passing into and through his hands, how great may be the quantity which by this same act is taken out of their hands or prevented from finding its way into them will to this same personal interest of his be matter of indifference.

3. Security. Security is for body, mind, reputation, pecuniary property power, condition in life: it is against against injury at the hands of external evil doers, internal evil-doers not being functionaries, and internal evil doers being functionaries. Security against external evil doers, i.e. against foreign enemies his personal interest prompts him to maximize, so long /far/ as no expectation of profit presents itself from the restriction or diminution or destruction of it. But that which he is continually upon the watch to get is - an augmentation of the mass of the external instruments of felicity in his hands at the expence of other communities: and in the way /by means/ of war, that is murder upon the largest scale, this he never can get but by the diminution and as to so much the destruction of the security of his subjects as for the several possessions above enumerated.

JB_172_213.xml

Title: [1822 March 24 Not Employed]

Description: 1822 March 24

Not Employed

Rid Yourselves

Part 1

Letter 2. Interests

Next comes sinister interest

Of the greatest happiness of the greatest number such elements as are at the

disposal of government may be found the external instruments of felicity - all of

them objects of general and /not to say/ little less than universal desire. These

will be found comprisable under the one or other /another/ of the four following

appellations /denominations/ subsistence, abundance, security and equality: under

/by/ one or other of these appellations will the several external instruments of

felicity be found comprizable /designated/ subsistence and abundance have for their

common instrument the matter of wealth, in all its several shapes, differing from one

another no otherwise than in respect of the quantity of it: Person, reputation,

property and condition in life - under one or other of these appellations

/denominations/ may be found comprized all the several objects for which security as

/can be/ looked for at the hands of government: property being but another

appellation employed to designate the matter of wealth the matter of which wealth is

comprised: and reputation and property together with reputation and power: in such

quantity as is not adverse to the end confirmed /power in whatsoever shape and

quantity established/ of which the greatest happiness principle allows of so much as

contributes to the greatest happiness of the greatest number constituting whatsoever

is instrumental to felicity in the complex [...?] [...?] condition in life. /By/

Security in so far as it has place is meant the absence of damage: damage namely 1.

all theire several possessions: or else the efficient cause /whatever it be/ of such

absence damage has for its cause either firstly physical agency or human agency,-

[...?] to be [...?] must be but to be exclude the efficiency of all the several

causes of damage to these several possessions. These are either occurrences purely

physical, or human acts: acts which also considered in respect of such their cause

consequences are termed misdeeds. As to power on the one

part - power of one individual over another - it can not have place in any certain or

permanent footing but in proportion to subjection in the

other, for it is only by and in proportion to the subjection that the power is

constituted. Power in a certain quantity, even in the shape in which it is

constituted by subjection is necessary in the existence of a state of government: put

an end to all power, you put an end to government. But, the case of unmaturity of age

out of the question, as between any two persons are possessing power the other

/being/ subjection to that same power, the enjoyment derived from /resulting/

/produced by/ the possession and exercise of such power /on the one part/ is not

equal to the universal [...?] resulting from produced by the consciousness if the

subjection to it in the other part much