date

1822 Aug. 24 Constitut. Code.
1822 Aug. 24

Constitut. Code.

1.

Instruments of good and bad Rule: incorporeal felicity being the universal end, d o. and its opposite are not only the universal subject matter of all operations, but also the instruments or of operating towards that end. No otherwise than by means of pleasure and pain can sensitive beings be rendered productive of either.

2.

Differ, however, from the appellations employed in speaking of them as ends those employed in speaking of them as means.

3.

1. Force, intimidation, and remuneration — instruments of all rules thence of good rule.

4.

1. Force: viz. physical seat of it, body. Without this, then other instruments can not be brought into action.

For conduct of government, things are not less necessary to be operated upon than persons: only by physical force can things be directly operated on.

So as to persons: only by force can an obstinate intruder be removed out of a house, if neither intimidation nor remuneration prove effectual.

5.

2. Intimidation. This is force applied to mind. It is eventually efficient — cause of infelicity: evil so applied: punishment is the most prominent and extensive instance of its application: under Good Rule, punishment evil — pain-applied to a man in case of his failing to contribute in the manner indicated to the maximization of felicity.

6.

3. Remuneration. This is eventually efficient cause of felicity, good: applied to the purpose in question in consideration of a man's having contributed, or being engaged or expected to contribute to felicity in some shape and occasion indicated or not indicated.

7.

Distinction between external and internal instruments of felicity. See above or below.

7 (a).

1. Imperfection not furnishing a word for hope existing analogous to intimidation.

2. Practically useful source of instruction, analogy between punishment and reward.

7 (a) contin d.

3. To reward is to punish - superfluous remuneration is depredation: practical results these.

4. Hence, what men learn to apply to reward whatsoever frugality they apply to punishment.

8.

By good rule, intimidation and allurement are minimized: by mis- rule maximized.

9.

1. Intimidation minimized. Reason, it can not operate unless followed every now and then by punishment: producing sufferance: and itself it involves sufferance.

10.

2. Allurement affording prospect of remuneration minimized.

Reason. By Government good can not be procured but by means of evil rather of good and d o. of evil are a great extent the same thing. Witness power & wealth by ingress enjoyment produced: by egress lost and suffering substituted.
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    or 1.

    Incorporeal instruments peculiar to misrule 1. Corruptive influence say corruption 2. Delusive influence say Delusion 3. Fiction.

    or 1. (a)

    Not logical this division Corruption is remuneration: fiction delusion. Language is the of manners. Made at different time, long before clearness given to ideas. But though not logical, it is indispensable. For of corruption will be found that which is not of allurement in all cases: so if fiction, in regard to delusion.

    2.

    By corruption at large may be undetected evil produced on the will by any instrument of misrule: viz by matter of good operating (as does reward) and with effect by pleasurably inviting influence giving thereby or tending to give encrease to the sinister sacrifice: Either by such influence, or by intimidation or both, unless it be by delusive d o. if

    or 2 contin d.

    if made, be made made by prospect of evil without prospect or receipt of good in any shape by intimidation without corruption is it made.

    or 3.

    Case where corruption and intimidation join in producing the mischievous effect. Matter of good given power reserved of taking it back.

    or 4.

    But of the whole field of intimidative influence, this part which thus belongs in common to that and d o. forms but a small part (Quere?)

    or 5.

    Matter of corruptive influence may operate purely or in conjunction with intimidation d o. Case 1. Matter of good first given: but then or afterwards fear produced of its being taken away. Case 2 the reverse. Matter of evil or fear of it, first applied - then removal in hope of removal of it, as in case of

    or 6.

    By corruptive influence is due towards the production of misrule, whatever is not due by force, intimidation, or delusion.

    or 7.

    Seen here the cause, with some anticipation of the vastness and malignity of the effect.

    But so fine are the threads by which the connection is formed, for the obtaining a clear and correct view of it, attention would be necessary.

    or 8.

    Sole condition necessary to the production of sinister sacrifice by corruptive influence. From an act productive of good to individual interest a greater evil produced to universal interest - the agent having it in his power to avoid the act. To produce the evil effect by corruptive influence no individual more than one is absolutely necessary viz: he by whom the good is received, though individuals concerned may be in any number.