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May 1808
J.B. to H. of Commons
I. Reasons for the Work
Ch.1.
§.2. Demand proper Contents of
Ch. 1
§.2. Instrument of demand - its proper contents -
1. In every instrument wherein and whereby a demand made by a person in the character of plaintiff is expressed. Whatsoever be the nature of the demand - i.e. of the judicial service demanded by the plff. at the hands of the Judge, two things ought to be {distinctly and truly} stated in it: 1. the nature of the service: 2. the ground of the demand, as constituted by the right or title which the plaintiff has, in his own declared conception and persuasion at least, to warrant his calling upon the Judge to render him that service.
2. In every judicial case there are at least two parties interested: one at least on the plaintiff's, one other at least on the defendant's side of the cause: and except in the case where between the Plff. and the defendant there is no point really in dispute, the object of the suit being not to settle any point in dispute between the parties, but to obtain the sanction of the Judge for whatsoever comes to be done, (as in the meaning[?] of the case where a mass of property requires for the legal division of it the concurrence of a Judge) no judicial service can be rendered by the Judge to the party who demands it, without imposing a correspondent burthen on the defendant at whose charge it is demanded.
{3. By every such judicial demand two distinguishable services are required to be eventually performed, one or other, or both, at the hands of two distinct persons, viz. the Judge and the Defendant: the one the service which it is required that the defendant himself shall, by the Judge, be engaged to render to the plff., the other, the service which is rendered by the Judge in so far as by his authority the defendant is engaged to render the principal service immediately above mentioned from whence the advantage to the plff's. side of the cause more immediately takes its rise.}
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Title: [30 April 1808 J.B. to H of Commons]Description: 30 April 1808 J.B. to H of Commons I. Reasons for the Work § English pleadings inapplicable to Scotland Make this, & the last, shorter & lighter 7. What in a case of this description the law will not do for a man is the securing to him the use or possession of any one thing which by[?] common speech he calls his own. What it does, or at least profess to do for him, is to give him a sum of money instead of its leaving to the wrongdoer the choice as between the money and the thing. 8. II. Delivery of an individual thing of the class of things immoveable. For administering satisfaction in this shape for wrong in this shape, the law does not refuse his service. But as to any such descriptions of the subject matter of this service, the quantity and situation of the portion of land, for example, which the Defendant is expected to deliver to the plaintiff, no tolerably compleat or correct description is ever required to be given. What is always required is a description: what is always undeniably true of the description is that it enormously and wantonly false. 9. III. Delivery of sufficient security for specific services of every description to be rendered by the defendant to the Plaintiff. 8. 3. Service on the part of the Judge consisting in the compelling [of] the Defendant to render a service of any kind to the Plaintiff. Except in the cases to a very narrow extent in which this service is rendered by a Court of Equity, there is scarce one instance in which satisfaction in this shape is rendered by the law of England. The proprietary interest, which men are capable of having in the infinitely diversified services which they are capable of receiving at each others hands, has as small a share in the protection of the law of England as the rights which, as above, they are capable of having in and to the use of things. 10. IV. The service which consists in causing the defendant to deliver at his own expence a sum of money to the plaintiff. When the object of a man's demand is thus simple, the designation of it can not be matter of much difficulty: the quantum is the only circumstance in which falshood is capable of lodging itself.
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Title: [7 March 1807 Judicial Justice]Description: 7 March 1807 Judicial Justice Letter V I. Shapes Misdecision may have for its subject the matter of law, or the matter of fact. In judicature, by whatever final decision is pronounced having for its subject an event or state of things considered as already past, comprehends necessarily these two points: that an act, an event, or other state of things alledged by the plaintiff as constituting the ground of his demand - of his right to that service which he prays may be rendered to him, of that act which he prays may be done, of that decision which he prays, may be pronounced in his favour, by the Judge, was at a particular point of time in existence:- this is the matter of fact:- and that such is the state of the law, the tenor of it real or imaginary, as to impose upon the Judge the obligation, or at the least invest him with the right, to render to the plaintiff the service so demanded. In like manner what is here said applies with equal propriety to any counter-allegation made on the Defendant's side. In the case where the ground of the plaintiff's demand is on the part of the Defendant some injury, by the infliction of which a transgression of the law has taken place - some act by which a command positive or negative, delivered or imagined to have been delivered by the legislator - the service demanded on the part of the Judge consists commonly in the performance of whatsoever operations are necessary to the causing the defendant to receive punishment, or the plaintiff to receive satisfaction (as for the injury) at his charge. In every such demand two allegations are necessarily involved: viz: that, by the defendant an act of a certain description had within some determinate length of time been performed: and that to the performance of an act of that description the law, real or imaginary, has, or at that time had, annexed an obligation or right on the part of the Judge, to do the act which the plaintiff prays him to do in consequence.
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Title: [PRIVATE 28 June 1807 + Contents]Description: PRIVATE 28 June 1807 + Contents p. [...?] Note Letter V Except the case where the object of the suit is merely to establish a title on the plaitiff with a view to eventual litigation, and the case where the defendant being concerned in no other character than that of a mere truster, the event of the suit is to his personal feelings a matter of indifference, the tendency of the demand made on the plaintiff's side is in every instance to impose in some shape or other a burthen on the defendant's side: that which is demanded by the plaintiff at the hands of the Judge being either that he will himself bestow on the plaintiff some benefit, rendering to him thereby the correspondent service at the charge of the defendant, rendering to him (the plaintiff) thereby a service by the rendering of which a burthen or burthensome obligation is imposed upon the passive faculties of the defendant or compel the Defendant himself to bestow such benefit - to render such service, thereby imposing a correspondent burthensome obligation on the active as well as passive faculties of the Defendant. When the demand so made and consequently the burthensome service so demanded at the charge of the defendant has, on his part, been preceeded by the possession of a correspondent benefit, the rendering of such service is termed restitution: viz. making restitution of or in respect of such benefit. Restitution is either identical, or in value. Identical restitution is restitution of the thing itself, the use or possession of which constituted the benefit: as for instance one[?] more[?] kind for instance - a house, or a horse or mare.
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