date

[lxxxiv. 31] 1821 Decr. 7 Codification
[lxxxiv. 31]

1821 Decr. 7

Codification Proposal

penult¼o

Appendix

?.5. Draughtsman single

Monarchy and Representative Aristocracy

Relation

[...? ...?] Corruption fund © [...? ...?...?]

[...?] = a Civil list

Relation between the Monarch's interest and that of the legislative branch of the Aristocracy.

Note that upon the legislative branch of the Aristocracy, depends immediately or unimmediately the whole stock of the objects of general desire that shall have place at the expence of the whole community shall have place.

I. It is the interest of the Monarch that for the preservation and augmentation of his own share /portion/ of money, power and factitious dignity enjoyed at the expence of and by the correspondent sacrifice of the universal interest after deduction of what is consumed by himself /his individual self/ for his personal enjoyment it be made to operate upon the possessors of the supreme legislative power in the way of corruptive influence.

It is the interest of this branch of the Aristocracy that this matter of corruptive influence be received by him in the greatest quantity possible: received by him whatsoever in that way may be the operation of it. /whatsoever in that sinister direction and to that sinister effect may be the operation of it./

In so far as this effect is produced, the /every/ act by means of which it /a sacrifice of the interest of the greatest number is made to the particular and sinister interest of the ruling few/ is produced is an act of hostility to the people: an act of hostility on the parts of both corrupter and corrupted: on the part of the corrupted an act of perfidy and treachery to their Constituents: by whom in proportion as they see the effect produced resentment and ill will as towards the agents can not but be entertained.

To obviate and prevent as far as may be such resentment it is the interest of both the contracting parties to join in whatever measures convey the appearance of a desire to render such hostility and perfidy impracticable and this interest will be strong in proportion to the real inefficacy and apparent efficacy of such pretended preventives
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    Particular Interest Table

    A particular interest is an interest which belongs in common to any particular class of men to the exclusion of all others in an exclusive or more exclusive /greater/ degree with reference to all others.

    Every particular interest in so far as it operates in opposition to the universal interest every particular interest may be termed a sinister interest.

    The particular interests that actually operate or are liable to operate in opposition to the universal interest may be stated as follows.

    I. The Monarchical interest: in a Monarchy, the particular interest of the Monarch.

    II. The Aristocratical interest: the interest of the aggregate number of those classes of men who by any the circumstance productive of benefit to themselves are distinguished from and above the greater number: the interest of the ruling, influential and otherwise privileged few. In the aggregate mass of the [...?] Branches Aristocracy branches may be distinguished: each of them having or liable to have a distinct and particular interest

    1 The Legislative: Aristocracy

    2. The Executive, Administrative, or Official. Aristocracy

    3. The Titled Aristocracy

    4. The Landed Aristocracy

    5. The Moneyed Aristocracy

    6. The Ancestry©boasting Aristocracy

    7. The Talent©employing Aristocracy

    8. The Spiritual Aristocracy

    1 In a government which possess distant dependencies, the legislative Aristocracy presents two sub©branches with interests liable to become to a considerable extent opposite. /between which a considerable opposition of interests is liable to have place./ These are the Metropolitan branch: and the Distant [District?] Provincial branch
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    Thus it is that in a mixt Monarchy in a time of domestic tranquillity the power of the Monarch is perpetually on the encrease until the Mixt Monarchy becomes a pure and absolute one. Into the scale which contains the power of the Monarch, power is continually pouring itself from the fountain of corruptive influence: out of the scale which contains the power of the people power is continually running /made to flow/ by the pressure by which the liberty of public discussion is forced out.

    In The field of an all comprehensive Code includes /is included/ the field of operation of every modification of the Monarchical interest and every branch of Aristocratical interest. By alliance with the most preponderant /powerful/ of all particular and sinister interests the Monarchical there is not any branch of the Aristocratical interest that is not capable of receiving advancement at the expence of the universal interest.

    For every Office or other political good thing in the gift of a sharer in the Monarchical or in any branch of the Aristocratical interest for every such good thing in possession there are perhaps twenty expectants: for every corruption eater twenty corruption©hunters: every such Office is therefore the source and centre of an atmosphere of corruptive influence.

    Two and twenty millions a year is the value /amount/ of a part of the Offices and other good things in the gift of the Monarch alone: not to speak of those which are in the gift of so many branches of the Aristocratical interest all of them in a state of the closest alliance with the Monarchical interest. To find the aggregate amount of the force of corruptive influence what multiplier shall we take as representative of the number of men corrupted by expectancy in addition to the number of those corrupted by the possession of all these several good things? Look over the Book exhibiting the Official establishment count the individual offices, thus may you get the number of those corrupted by possession: multiply that number by the multiplier fixt upon then will you have the number of those corrupted by expectancy. But if corrupted by the Monarch or by any branch of the Aristocracy, each /every/ man who of himself is rich or otherwise powerful is of himself the source of an atmosphere of corruptive influence.
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    Appendix

    II Aristocrats interest

    7 Decr. Add Relation between Monarch and Aristocrats interest.

    II. Aristocracy © Member of an Aristocracy.

    Aristocracy © pure Aristocracy without a Monarch over it, belongs not to the present occasion. It is confined to the Aristocratical Cantons of Switzerland: governments which can not be charged with professing liberal ideas.

    In the breast /situation/ of an Aristocracy the general description of sinister interest is the same as in that of a Monarchy

    In so far as /in any community there exists/ a distinguishable body of men has place distinguished from the rest by a peculiarly large proportion of the general mass of the objects of general desire in any shape, a corresponding aristocratical body or aristocracy has place Of aristocracies in one and the same community there are accordingly or may be á³á   á³á different sorts.

    Aristocracy more or less lasting constituted by operative power belonging to the legislative power /branch/, or derived by means of Election, real or pretended, from the body of the people

    1. Aristocracy constituted by official power belonging to the executive branch © aristocracy of power

    3. Aristocracy constituted by factitious dignity aristocracy of title

    4. Aristocracy constituted by present opulence © aristocracy of wealth

    5. Aristocracy constituted by power dignity or opulence of a man's ancestor © aristocracy of birth or ancestry: aristocracy of landed opulence: do of monied opulence.

    6. Aristocracy constituted by official power, factitious dignity, present wealth /opulence/ and hereditary wealth /opulence/ in the hands of the Clergy.

    7. Aristocracy constituted by the influence of talent applied to /employed in the/ political field of government

    In all these several shapes any or all of them the matter of aristocracy may be lodged and united in the hands of one and the same individual

    1. In respect of power it is the interest of the aristocrat and of the aristocracy to have /that his share/ as large a share of /in/ that of the Monarch as possible: and that in respect of /correspondency with/ that share the subjection of the people be as compleat and as extensive as possible

    2. In respect of money, it is the interest of the aristocrat and of the aristocracy to have as large a share of that portion which is taken out of the hands of the producers /body of the people/ as possible: as likewise as large a share as possible of the residuum left by the Monarch in the hands of the people

    3. In respect of factitious dignity it is the interest of each aristocrat to have to himself as large a portion of it as possible. At the same time it is his interest that the number of all those of the same class or /rank and of those/ of a higher rank be as small as possible: but that the share /lot/ possessed by those of a rank inferior to his own, be as large /high/ as possible, so also the number of those who have situation in that same inferior rank.