[lxxxiv. 58]

1821 Dec. 3

Codification Proposal

penulto

?.5. Draughtsman Single

Rome Law

As a body of discourse it is indeed a a most [...?] existing reality: but as a body of law it is a mere fiction. To answer in any tolerable degree its professed purpose, a body of law should /must/ be the expression © of /given in and by a determinate set of words to/ the will of a determinate individual or assemblage of individuals, determined as and so declared to be such declared to be such at some determinate point of time /place/. Nulles lex verbes, a nullo, nullibi, nunquam Law, in no words, by no man, never made Such are the negatives of which it is composed.

Yet how strenuous the attachment to it. Look for the causes, you will find them in its worthlessness. The more obscure /[...?]/, ambiguous, loosely worded, incompleatly expressed [...?] confused and inconsistent it is the greater the labour necessary to the obtaining such imperfect conception as the nature of it admitts of. Be the subject matter what it may The greater the quantity of labour a man has expended upon it, the more unwilling is he to regard it as thrown away: and thus it is that instead of being in the direct ratio a mans attachment to the subject is in the inverse ratio of the intrinsic /real/ value of it

As to the nomination the vocabulary /terminology/ © /No classification © no tolerably well adapted nomination/ the necessity of exposition in the case of the leading terms © what words require to be expounded, what is the apt and only apt mode of expounding them, what are the terms which not standing themselves in need of exposition are fit to be employed in expounding those that require to be expounded © all these things are known © all these points are determined at present © none of them were in any tolerable degree well settled, if they were so much as thought of, at any part of the time during which the chaos of Rome©bred law was in accumulation Comparatively speaking, Only of late years has any application been made of the art of logic,to the subject of language.
Similar Items
  • Title: [Jan y. 1811 + Logic Exposition]
    Description: Jan y. 1811 +

    Logic

    Exposition modes of

    Paraphrasis

    2

    2

    Paraphrasis is to exhibit the unfigurative proposition to which the figurative one to be expounded is equivalent.

    Paraphrasis is the expounding of a word which is the name of a fictitious entity, by pointing out the real entities which the word in question, by being brought into company with other words, is made use of to denote.

    A word which is the name of a fictitious entity may be said to be expounded by paraphrasis, when being worked up together with certain other words into the form of a proposition which is of the same signification as the former but composed of terms expressive of real entities.

    N.B. This is true only when the matter of fact to be indicated is of a material nature; i:e: concerns the state of bodies: if psychological - i:e: concerns the state of a man's mind, there are no real entities in the case, unless in so far as perceptions and sensations are considered as real entities. May they not be termed real psychological entities:- Appetites, Affections, Passions, dispositions, Virtues, Vices are as unreal with reference to them as Qualities are with reference to substances.

    Obligation expounded by its relation to command and punishment.
  • Title: [[Paper dated 1826 - maybe by George Bentham]
    Description: [Paper dated 1826 - maybe by George Bentham, or by the editor]

    Logic

    B.II. Operations

    Ch.II. Modes of Exposition

    1

    Chapter 2 d Modes of Exposition

    Words, or sentences, when pronounced convey to my mind images (1), or collections of images, - ideas or collections of ideas for the purpose of communicating to the mind of another these same images or ideas I must make use of words or sentences which shall convey to it that same image or idea. - Suppose I do not know of any words which already answer that purpose either at all or so well as those which serve me. I must perform an operation by which they are made to convey those images to the mind also. - It is this operation that is meant by the exposition of, or expounding those words.

    There are a great variety of modes in which exposition may be performed, some of them conveying far more readily and accurately than others, a clear idea of the word to be expounded. That which is the most clear whenever it can be made use of should be the one preferred, but there is no one equally applicable to all cases on all occasions. For how can a man expound the word horse by definition or description to another who understands not a word of his language ? Or how can the meaning of virtue be explained by signs ? In order therefore to shew on what occasions each mode may be employed to the greatest advantage, I shall here proceed to examine them all, explain each operation in detail mentioning the cases where it is the only one that can be employed, those where it is advantageous to make use of it instead of, or in conjunction with others, and those where it may be advisable to substitute others in view lieu of it. - The order I adopt must be that in which they would present themselves to be used /for use/ to the teacher commencing with the case where the hearer is entirely ignorant of the meaning of any one word comprised, either in the language to be taught, or in any other one known to the teacher.

    1. Representation

    If all words were significative of real entities, and if these were all objects which might at all times be brought within the reach of the perception both of the hearer and the teacher, exposition would be

    130
  • Title: [16 Aug 1814 Logic Ch. Clearness]
    Description: 16 Aug 1814

    Logic

    Ch. Clearness Exposition

    '.2. Subject of Exposition

    5

    3

    Text

    Case where the exposition takes for its subject the object /an object proposed/ to be expounded, as well as the word by means /with the assistance/ /help/ of which in the character of its sign, the object is proposed to be expounded - case where without regard /reference/ to any particular object or class of objects, the exposition takes for its subject a word, {being} /considered in the character of/ a {sound} /sign/, which is wont to be employed for the designation of some object or class of objects is in use to be employed. Of these two cases the first mentioned is that to which for the purpose of this enquiry convenience seems to require that the first place should be allotted.

    127