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ÁÁ[lxxxiv. 117]
1822 Jany 24
Codification Offer
ult¼o
? 5. Admission Universal
Members unapt
Self©regard predominant
The Stuart [...? ...?] the despotism in the reigns of the two first Guelphs John Wilkes and the American war under the reign of the 3d: by the false terror it imposed[?] the French revolutionary war brought it up to its present pitch, above which it can not soar but to be precipitated.
In every country, at all times, all laws all arrangements of government have had for their object and end in view the greatest good of those by whom they have been /were/ made. This proposition is included in that in which the general predominance of self©regard is asserted
To this position even the Anglo©American United States present no exception. For there, those /over those/ by whom the whole of the operative power of government is exercised have over them /stand/ those by whom immediately or unimmediately the whole of the constitutive power is exercised: the possessors of the operative power being all of them placed and at short intervals displaceable by the body of the people in the /their/ quality of Electors: so that by making and unmaking at pleasure those by whom the laws and other arrangements are made, sooner or later they /they in effect/ make and unmake at pleasure the laws and other arrangements themselves, and the result is /thus it is/ that thereby by the greatest number the /all/ laws and arrangements are constantly directed to the accomplishment of the greatest good of that same greatest number, according to such conception as they form of it
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Title: [[lxxxiv. 123] 1822 Jany 24]Description: [lxxxiv. 123] 1822 Jany 24 Codification Offer ult¼o ?.5 Admission Universal More favorable to the greatest happiness of the greatest number no ultimate state of things could reasonably be expected, under a Constitution the existence depends upon the hearty cooperation of an incensed Monarch in the business of forging shackles /manacles/ for his own hands: in which while no more than a share in the function of making laws is given to persons chosen /agents placeable and displaceable/ by the greatest number the appointment of all those on whose good will all the execution and effect can be given to them /those laws is left to depend/ is to left to him whose interest it is that no such execution and effect should be given to any of them except to those from which the share left to him of his former power will receive confirmation and encrease. a form of government /a state of things in respect of government/ in which the government /constitution/ depends for its existence and for all the good effects expected from it depends on the existence at all times of a human being who, being of the class and name of those to whose desire no resistance is ever opposed from without and having power to engage all men in the giving fulfilment /accomplishment/ to his desires is expected to keep his conduct in a state /[...?]/ of constant opposition to the whole current of those desires to /by/ which in that situation restraint has /was/ never in any instance been found endurable, in a word in which the accomplishment of the declared end is made to /trusted to/ depend upon a state of things absolutely impossible upon a chain of events the continuance of which after the first few links is absolutely impossible.
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Title: [1820 May 15 Emancipation Spanish]Description: 1820 May 15 Emancipation Spanish '.5. People Sufferers Never were probable causes of quarrel so abundant: never were forces so disproportionate. 1. Between /Even/ colony and colony /throughout all the colonies/ the causes of dissension and quarrel are endless: and in the instance of every such quarrel it would be the supposed duty and the inentable and necessary interest of the ruling country to interfere: interfere - not by kind persuasion, for that might be done without exercising dominion but by irresistible force. 2. Not quite so immediately dangerous perhaps, but as in the above former case but still abundently dangerous, pregnant with new and unprecedented dangers, is by situation with relation to foreign states. To the rulers of England the despot and tyrant of the Ocean, the trade with the Spanish American dependencies was always an object of avowed concupiscence /desire[?]/ the dominion over them of not less operative concupiscence. In the year 174 \ZS\, war was made by by England against /upon/ Spain, because the Spanish rulers would not suffer the English smugglers to set the ordinances of the Spanish government at defiance. Of a supposed good which is unexperienced and unknown the desire is not naturally very intense. But to Englnad of late years the trade with these colonies, has in the instance of every one of them a subject of possession and enjoyment. If by the laws of the English are admitted to a participation of the trade with the Spanish Colonies upon equal terms with the Spaniard there is an end of one of the supposed profits however erroneosly supposed of the dominion coveted: if they are excluded, then comes /recommences/ the smuggling facilities[?] never before experienced. If in the midst of their distresses any thing could reconcile the people of England to a war it would be the hope of plunder /the profits of depredation/ of depredation exercised upon and at the expense of the Spanish American provinces.
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Title: [[lxxxiv. 120] 1822 Jany 24]Description: [lxxxiv. 120] 1822 Jany 24 Codification Offer ult¼o ?.5 Admission Universal and what contributes to fix it is © that how bad soever as compared with a /the only/ government which has ever had for its actual end in view /object of endeavour/ the greatest happiness of the greatest number namely that of the Anglo American United States, it has been owing to its continual comparative weakness, eminently and incontestably good in comparison of every other government that has ever been in existence: and thus has not only been less bad than any other but by that appetite for distant dependencies which has been a main spring /source/ of that waste and corruption in which it has found its profit has under favourable circumstances this bad government given birth to that only good one. At this time the quantity of aliment thus converted as above into poison seems to have reached its maximum, and to be even threatened with a decline. But in conjunction with the momentary sinister interest of the ruling few, the ultimate interest of the subject many seems rather to require that it should not decline: but that the endeavours to give encrease to it should continue on the encrease: that to that purpose the correspondent endeavour to give encrease to the force of government should continue on the encrease, until by the strain the whole fabric should burst and fall to pieces, in which case the only good one now so extensively understood would take its place of course A little more, and no more victims will be thrown into jail because all jails will be filled: no prosecutions before Juries will be instituted because no Juries will convict for any thing /offence against Government/. The readiness of those by whom the abolition of that instrument of salutary weakness has been threatened the readiness to employ the law in execution of that threat is not to be /can not be/ doubted as little can the readiness of the Judges to give to the law execution and effect to the utmost power.
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