date

[lxxxiv. 128] 1822 Jany 29
[lxxxiv. 128]

1822 Jany 29

Codification Offer

ulto

?.5 Admission Universal

Members Unapt

While for any thing besides untrue assertions of or concerning individual matters of fact the belief of which will be injurious to the reputation of the individuals in question, and these untrue assertions accompanied either with mendacity i.e. with knowledge or belief of their untruth or with [...?] i.e. with culpable facility of belief punishment in any shape is applicable impartiality in the application of punishment © abstinence /abstension/ from employing it as a means /instrument/ of impunity for misdeeds on the part of the ruling and influential few is absolutely impossible. Whatsoever in that way is against them will be beyond the line: whatsoever is for them will be within it.
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  • Title: [[lxxxiv. 126] 1822 Jany 27]
    Description: [lxxxiv. 126]

    1822 Jany 27

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    Sinister interests

    adverse to people

    The several modifications of the Monarchical interest, and the several branches of the Aristocratical interest: including Aristocracy of ”power•: and do of ”influence• ruling and influential few. all these are so many particular and sinister interests.

    In one /To one common/ sinister point they all concurr /tend/: namely, in the endeavour to suppress throughout the field of politics the liberty of public discussion on political subjects in all its forms: particular that most efficient form the liberty of the press

    Necessary to the possession of despotic /arbitrary/ power © necessarily included in the very idea of power is, /Of despotic power the characteristic is/ coextensive ”impunity•: impunity to the whole extent of the power whatsoever it be. Impunity in respect of all those acts /those misdeeds/ which, on the part of persons /a person/ not possessed of the power would be transgressions, offences, crimes.

    Impunity to be entire and compleatly effective must be such with reference not only to punishment at the hands of the law /legislative/ and /and thus/ of the executive power,¼(¼a¼) but to punishment at the hands of the tribunal of public opinion¼(¼b¼)

    The liberty of public political discussion is inconsistent /incompatible/ /adverse/ with impunity in the case of the persons in question in two /three/ ways: by the indication of misdeeds committed by them /on their part/: and persons acting under /subject to/ their influence 2. by comments on such misdeeds in so far as they are notorious: by general expressions having for their object or tendency, the pointing /directing/ the public displeasure towards such /the/ misdeeds and the misdoers

    (a) The political, including the legal and administrative sanction:

    (b) The popular or moral sanction.
  • Title: [[lxxxiv. 131] 1822 Jany 31 B ulto]
    Description: [lxxxiv. 131]

    1822 Jany 31 B ulto

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    From the general predominance of self©regard in all human breasts, follows the universal propensity on the part of all rulers /in all human breasts/, to the consummation of the sinister sacrifice, to the utmost of their power.

    In every political state in which the aggregate mass of political power is shared by /between/ a set of men stiled Representatives of the people, and who as such are removable in the appointment of whom a portion more or less considerable of the people have or have not a share and one chief functionary who not being removable at all, or not being removable but by these same Representatives ha
  • Title: [[xxxiv. 35] 1822 Jany 29 1822 Aug]
    Description: [xxxiv. 35]

    1822 Jany 29 1822 Aug. 6.

    Codification Offer /Constitut Code/

    Securities

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    adverse

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    Development

    Securities

    5. Moral Counterforce

    Public Opinion Tribunal

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    35 or 1. 206 Sinister interests are

    1. Modifications (all) of Monarchical interest

    2. Branches (all) of Aristocratical interest

    Point to which they all tend - suppression of free political discussion.

    36 or 2. 207 Characteristic and adequate │   │ of despotic power is impunity: viz. as to misdeeds which in possessors of the power, would be offences. etc.

    37 or 3. 208 Compleat, impunity is as against moral as well as political sanction

    38 or 4. 209 Opposed to impunity as against both sanctions is liberty of public political discussion:

    1. by indication of misdeeds by them and theirs.

    2. by comments on do.

    3. by general expressions of disapprobation.

    39 or 5. 210 Content that every man should enjoy unlicentious liberty is every man: licentious, no man. Licentious is whatever a man does not like to see enjoyed by others: viz. what in his view is repugnant to his own interest.

    40 or 6. 211 Adverse to his interest in his view of it is every act by which limits are endeavoured to be set to the gratification of his appetite for power wealth and dignity: or to any opinion or taste of his.

    41 or 7. 212 Of every member of the ruling and influential few it is the interest that no misdeed of his be disapproved, commented on, made known: therefore that all manifestation of such disapprobation etc be prevented.

    Prevention compleat impossible, that all be in a form as weak as possible: he and his giving to every thing in his favour a form as strong as possible: he and his giving to every thing in │   │ a form as strong as possible.