1
results found in
19 ms
Page 1
of 1
ÁÁ[lxxxiv. 144]
1822 Feb. 5
Codification Offer
Appendix 4¼o or Separate
?.5. Admission Universal
II Members unapt
Such the constant ”tendency• © only by a particular and transient state of things or conjuncture can the effect of that tendency be suspended.
No man or body of men other than the greatest number themselves ever took for the object of government the greatest happiness of the greatest number or no body of men /rulers/ other than the /that same/ greatest number or if a less number a number actually subject to their effectual influence
Applied to different powers in the same state, the notion of /to different branches of aggregate political power, for the conveyance of which the phrase/ a balance of powers if considered as a means of /an efficient cause of/ production to the greatest happiness of the greatest number is a gross delusion a palpable absurdity a notion /an image /emblem/ altogether inapplicable. /is employed is compleatly misapplied. No sooner is the phrase understood than the notion meant to be conveyed by it is seen to be compleatly erroneous and delusive./
Suppose the equiponderance to have place any one moment the next moment puts an end to it
At the foot of every throne is a fountain of corruptive influence: and that fountain /the stream of it/ a perennial and ever encreasing one
An equiponderance between two interests the universal interest and a particular interest naturally and materially opposite to that same universal interest. Of such a state of things supposing it capable of continuing what is /will be/ the result? that nothing will be done for the advantage of the particular interest that is prejudicial to the universal interest. True: but not less so that nothing will ever be done for the advantage of the universal interest that is prejudicial to its antagonist the particular interest its antagonist
No such conceit could have been entertained by any one in the character of a means for the advancement of the greatest happiness of the greatest number: by the utterance of it sufficient proof is afforded that in the mind of the utterer no such desire as that of giving encrease to the greatest happiness of the greatest number in preference to an equal share of happiness to the several individuals composing the smaller number could with him have place.
Similar Items
-
Title: [ÁÁ[lxxxiv. 78] 1821 Decr 25]Description: ÁÁ[lxxxiv. 78] 1821 Decr 25 Codification Proposal ?.5. Admission Universal. Members Unapt III. Aptitude and Inaptitude By this relation we are led to a consideration of prime importance /cardinal moment/. In the order of importance moral aptitude stands before intellectual: each being understood in all degrees in any of which it is likely to have place. In so far as moral aptitude is wanting /deficient/, by intellectual aptitude, and active talent, both or either in proportion to the degree in which it is present, appropriate aptitude taken in the aggregate will, instead of being encreased, be diminished. In proportion as appropriate moral aptitude is deficient, the disposition of the man and the tendency of his endeavours will be to make sacrifice of the universal interest © the greatest happiness of the greatest number to his own particular and sinister interest: to that part of his own happiness which he purchases or thinks to purchase at the expence of the other members of the community /his fellow Citizens/. The gradations to which and to which alone this observation can be applied with truth, are those which in the political situations in question are likely to be exemplified. Opposite to appropriate intellectual aptitude and appropriate active talent stand degrees of inaptitude, by the existence /operation/ of which would have for its consequence a greater defalcation from the mass of aggregate mass of appropriate aptitude taken in the aggregate than could be made from the most compleat absence of appropriate moral aptitude. By the mere case of ministering to his own happiness a man possessed of a certain degree of intellectual aptitude and active talent would be led to make better provision for the happiness of his fellow citizens than would or could be made by a man in whose instance /whom/ intellectual aptitude or active talent were to a certain degree deficient, although at the same time endowed with the highest conceivable degree of appropriate moral aptitude.
-
Title: [ÁÁ[lxxxiv. 153] 1822 Feb. 6]Description: ÁÁ[lxxxiv. 153] 1822 Feb. 6 Codification Offer. Appendix or Separate ??5 Admission Universal Members unapt Development The sinister propensity has been brought to view: in every human this propensity has [...?]: in every human breast subject or not to exceptions which do not vary the result, it is irresistible The case is that if the greatest happiness principle be admitted as the determining principle in comparison of an individual not possessing any share in the operative power of government, an individual possessing any such share, is as such, in a state of comparative /relative/ inaptitude with reference to the exercise of the function by which the original draught of the body of law in question would be composed /prepared/. The following are the considerations on which a demonstration of the truth /the proof/ of this position may perhaps be seen given /found demonstrated/. 1. In every human breast, in the ordinary course of affairs self©regard is predominant: self©regarding affection, as well as social and dissocial 2 As in every other human breast, so in the breast of every individual bearing any part in the possession or exercise of any of the powers of which government is composed. 3. In every political community every member of the ruling few has two distinguishable interests © his share in the universal interest, and his own separate, particular and personal interest. 4. In so far as its action is in opposition to that of /in a direction opposite to that of/ the universal interest, every particular interest may with propriety be stiled a sinister interest. 5 Every interest belonging to a ruler as such, /To every ruler as such belongs/ and not coinciding exactly with his share in the universal interest is /may be termed/ a sinister interest. 6. If this is not good in the character of a universal rule at least is it in the character of a general one, and on all occasions unless in so far as a particular and adequate cause of exception can be shewn, it is by the greater number of instances not by the lesser that human conduct ought to be guided
-
Title: [[lxxxiv. 155] 1822 Feb. 6 Codification]Description: [lxxxiv. 155] 1822 Feb. 6 Codification Offer. 4¼o ?.5. Admission Universal Members unapt In one case only has /In /only/ one form only of government does/ the government for its tendency the production of the greatest happiness of the greatest number. This is where all those by whom the operative powers of government are exercised are immediately or unimmediately placed and at short intervals displaceable by the /that/ greatest number. Where there is no one person /functionary/ who is not immediately or unimmediately and without other formality than that of an ordinary election displaceable by the greatest number as well as placed after having been placed by a section of that number there is no person who is in a condition to prosecute with effect his own particular and sinister interest at the expence of the interest of the greatest number. Where there exists any one person /functionary/ who is not in the ordinary way of election displaceable immediately or unimmediately by the greatest number, he at the same time having at his disposal the objects of general desire to an amount more or less considerable this person is thereby in a condition to prosecute with effect his own sinister interest at the expence of the interest of the greatest number at the expence of the universal interest. In the case /instance/ of every government that has an irremovable chief is /such is the condition of/ that same irremoveable Chief. A /Every/ government which amongst its functionaries numbers an irremovable chief is a Monarchy: if amongst the other functionaries there is not any one who is not at all times displaceable by this one, the Monarchy is a pure Monarchy: if there be any one or more functionaries who are not thus displaceable, a mixt monarchy.
1
results found.
Page 1
of 1