JB_084_157.xml

Title: [[lxxxiv. 157] 1822 Feb. 6 Codification]

Description: [lxxxiv. 157]

1822 Feb. 6

Codification Offer.

4¼o

?.5. Admission Universal

Members unapt

Of the sinister sacrifice the chief instruments may stand expressed in these four words © namely 1. Force. 2. Intimidation 3. Corruption. 4. Delusion

Force namely physical force incidentally and in case of necessity and to the extent of that necessity, applied is an instrument essentially necessary to /the use of which is of the essence/ every government: to a government which has for its object the greatest happiness of the greatest number not less than to a government which has not for its object the happiness of any more /other/ than the ruling one.

The like may be said of intimidation: namely fear of punishment: from which is inseparable in case of necessity, and to the extent of the necessity, the actual infliction of punishment

Not so corruption. By corruption understand the application of the matter of reward to any sinister purpose

In every mixt Monarchy that is ever presented to view by that appellative there has been a set of men depicted by and acting under the name and in the character of representatives of /of the people and actually delegated by/ a portion more or less considerable of the people and professing to act as trustees for the people supporting to the best of their power the interest of the people. In a mixt Monarchy, by corruption is meant a breach of that same trust produced by the possession or expectancy of the external instruments of felicity in some shape or other at the hands of the Monarch or of one another in consideration of such breach

In the case of a pure Monarchy, there being no persons /functionaries/ appearing and professing to act in the character of trustees of and for the people, there is no demand no room for corruption in that its ordinary sense © if by corruption be meant depravity or mischief done /destruction wrought/ in any other way to the happiness of the greatest number /people/ there is indeed corruption plenty: but in this case corruption is not used in the same sense as in a mixt Monarchy containing a body of men professing to be Representatives of the body

JB_084_156.xml

Title: [[lxxxiv. 156] 1822 Feby 6 Codification]

Description: [lxxxiv. 156]

1822 Feby 6

Codification Offer.

4¼o

?.5. Admission Universal

Members unapt

Whether the Monarchy be pure or mixt the interest of the Monarch is essentially a sinister interest.

Of every mixt Monarchy the perpetual tendency is to become a pure Monarchy: and in case of tranquillity, sooner or later such tendency can not consistently with the nature of man fail of being carried into effect.

Of the sinister interest when coupled with adequate power capable of giving effect to it /to its tendency/ the ultimate effect is /may be stiled/ the consummation of the sinister sacrifice

The consummation of the sinister sacrifice has place when by any addition made to the quantity of the matter of wealth endeavoured to be exacted for his own use from the other members of the community no further addition can actually be made: when taxation has arrived at its ne plus ultra™`.

In every pure Monarchy taxation is at every point of time at its ne plus ultra™` with reference to that time.

In a mixt Monarchy in which taxation has not yet arrived at that point it is still tending towards that point. It may have arrived at that point and still continue a mixt Monarchy. But as in this case there will be a continual striving to add to the quantity of wealth collected by taxation, and on the part of the people a correspondent repugnance and reluctance to /in the course of the endeavours to/ overcome /surmount/ that reluctance there will be many continual additions to the quantity of power: till at length all power of resistance being taken from all the other members of the community the mixt Monarchy will have been been converted /be passed/ into a pure one.

For any length of time the forms of the mixt Monarchy may remain and will be likely to remain: but the condition of the people will not be in any respect the better for these forms. The forms of mixt government remained under the tyrant Caesars.

JB_084_155.xml

Title: [[lxxxiv. 155] 1822 Feb. 6 Codification]

Description: [lxxxiv. 155]

1822 Feb. 6

Codification Offer.

4¼o

?.5. Admission Universal

Members unapt

In one case only has /In /only/ one form only of government does/ the government for its tendency the production of the greatest happiness of the greatest number. This is where all those by whom the operative powers of government are exercised are immediately or unimmediately placed and at short intervals displaceable by the /that/ greatest number.

Where there is no one person /functionary/ who is not immediately or unimmediately and without other formality than that of an ordinary election displaceable by the greatest number as well as placed after having been placed by a section of that number there is no person who is in a condition to prosecute with effect his own particular and sinister interest at the expence of the interest of the greatest number.

Where there exists any one person /functionary/ who is not in the ordinary way of election displaceable immediately or unimmediately by the greatest number, he at the same time having at his disposal the objects of general desire to an amount more or less considerable this person is thereby in a condition to prosecute with effect his own sinister interest at the expence of the interest of the greatest number at the expence of the universal interest.

In the case /instance/ of every government that has an irremovable chief is /such is the condition of/ that same irremoveable Chief.

A /Every/ government which amongst its functionaries numbers an irremovable chief is a Monarchy: if amongst the other functionaries there is not any one who is not at all times displaceable by this one, the Monarchy is a pure Monarchy: if there be any one or more functionaries who are not thus displaceable, a mixt monarchy.