4 April 1808

Letter V

In England /the source of preferment being within the profession/ the head of the /Benchers[?]/ Bench having all judicial offices with all their sweets, immediately or mediately at his disposal, and all parts /divisions/ of the Bar, together with all the Benchers being knit together, close as a Macedonian phalanx, by one common interest, /as closely allied to that of the people as Bonaparte's to King George's,/ the opinions of the Bar and those of the Bench coincide of course. In Scotland, the source of preferment being situate sometimes in Scotland, sometimes in England - but at all times without the profession, /and the two interests capable of clashing,/ it is no less possible for the Bar to have an opinion of its own than for the Bench. Of the Members of the Scottish Bar as of the English there are always some /several/ who are also Members of Parliament: Of the Members of the highest Scottish Bench there[?] are never[?] are or can be so much as one whose speech or whose vote can make itself heard in either assembly of the legislature. Howsoever unworthy of /beneath/ regard the interest of the lieges[?] of the people in the character of suitors - actual or possible suitors - may be, that of the Members of the Scottish Bar is not in any such defenceless state. Thence it happens that wheresoever the interest of the leiges[?] is fortunate enough to be coincident with that of the Learned Faculty, and so to be understood to be, the interest of the leiges[?] is no longer altogether undeserving of regard, but to the extent of the coincidence, reaps the benefit of the alliance.

To the English reader, if any such I should have, these explanations may be necessary to the conception of two phenomena, which otherwise the scene lying in so distant a country as Scotland would be apt to appear incredible: viz. 1. That in the opinion of the Bar there should ever be any thing short of perfection in the opinion or conduct of the Bench: 2. that in the same puritanic[?]

sections[?] of the opinion of the public there should be any thing short of perfection in that system of procedure which had for its authors and has for its conductors the members of the Bench while in England, opinions of Judges, conduct of Judges, systems of substantive law[?] is[?] made by them[?] system of procedure made by them - every thing in and of that sort has been seated all along upon the pinnacle of perfection, under all its changes.
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  • Title: [1810 July 19 + ' . 1 1 Ch]
    Description: 1810 July 19 + '

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    Ch. | | Authority-gratification

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    | | Lawyers interest sinister

    '. 1 Lawyers - oppositeness of their interest to the universal interest.

    1. The question being, for example, what on such or such a subject ought to be the state of the law, (for on the question what is law the action of interest stands on grounds which exclude it from the scene) the opinions produced in the character of an authority is the opinion of some [...?] who at the time of delivering it or before was engaged in the exercise of the profession of the law, especially of in the character of an Advocate.

    Of every man by whom profit and preferment are sought by the exercise of that branch of the profession, the professment and consequently the persuant interest is in the state of direct, constant and altogther inexorable opposition, more particularly in matters called civil to that of the rest of the community. So undeniable is this opposition, and so manifesat to every eye that is not either either by sinister interest or delusive awe and admiration purposely turned aside from it, that without an apology none[?] is ashamed they to maker the existence of it the subject of gr[...?] assertion: and the apology consists in the almost universal propensity among all legel[?] men to turn aside from to whut their eyes against an object which has so high abd so continual a claim to notice on the part of any man who does not take a delight in being deceived to his one injury.
  • Title: [17 April 1807 J.B. to Scotland]
    Description: 17 April 1807

    J.B. to Scotland

    Lawyers judged

    In Scotland, the interest of the Judges is less palpably /somewhat less plainly/ adverse /than in England/ to the interest of the people in the character of suitors than in England: but it is not less effectually so.

    1. In Scotland their emoluments do not in so large a proportion as in England depend upon the quantity of suitors' delay, vexation, and expence which they can contrive to create /set/ or keep in foot.

    But though the existence of any benefit at all from that source has been expressly and authoritatively denied, I shall state further on why I can not look upon that denial as conclusive.

    2. Be this as it may in regard to profit, their interest in respect of ease is irreconcileably opposite to that /the interest/ of the people to the interests of justice: and to this sinister interest the public interest as you will see has been made a notorious sacrifice.

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  • Title: [April 1807 Lawyers judged I]
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    Lawyers judged

    I will now state to you, with that simplicity /openness/ which scorns all disguise, why it is that in my humble opinion the opinion of their learned Lordships has no claim to your regard.

    Prefixed to the mention of my own opinion, the word humble is not an [...?] formulary /as at the close of a letter/. Less weight than I myself ascribe to it, it is not in your power to ascribe to it. I never do ascribe any weight to it at all.

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    1. Under the mode of remuneration pursued in Scotland as well as in England /- and about every where else/ the interest of all lawyers is in direct opposition to that of all suitors. The interest of their learned Lordships your Judge, in whose will in so large a measure every thing that belongs to you or is dear to you depends - are lawyers their interests are therefore opposite to yours.

    2. Men's judgments are warped, their prejudices are begotten by their interests. The interests of their learned Lordships being adverse to your interest, their prejudices are so too. Be their judgments ever so sincere, they are not the less necessarily adverse to your interests.

    It is the interest of you all in the character of suitors - that is of individuals exposed to the calamity of becoming suitors - such among you excepted as mean distinctly, and ni your transaction with /in/ Courts of law are conscious of being in the wrong, it is your interest that the ends of justice be in every /each/ individual instance pursued and fulfilled to the utmost possible extent. Far different is the interest of these Your Judges

     [...?] law[?]