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24 Sept. 1814 +
Logic
Ch.2. Characteristics
'.4.III Subjects
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'.4. Characteristic the 3 d. - Subjectmatters or Subjects of Logic.
Subject matters and subjects - As to these expressions, they are not pregnant with any such delusive allusions as above; but they do not come up to the purpose there in question: and there is another purpose for which they are in demand.
Field is wanted for the designation of the whole of the expanse. Fields in the plural are seldom wanted. Subjectmatter and subject are wanted for the expression of this or that particular article considered as situated on or within the compass of this or that field: accordingly in the plural number as well as in the singular there is a continual demand for these words.
By the word subject the idea conveyed is that of a moveable solid, capable of being viewed and handled in all imaginable directions: by the word field that of a portion of an immoveable whole, of which the surface alone is capable of being thus dealt with.
Real entities and fictitious entities - to one or other of these denominations will be found referable every thing which with reference to this art can be considered as comprized under the denomination of a subject.
Name of a real entity name of a fictitious entity - to one or other of these denominations will accordingly be found referable every word belonging to the class of those which in the language of Grammarians are distinguished by the appellative of noun substantives.
Included in the list of subjects in which the art of Logic is capable of operating, are (it will be seen) the subjects of all the several other arts and sciences.
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Title: [29 Sept. 1814 Logic 3]Description: 29 Sept. 1814 Logic 3 Ch.2. Ontology Entities classed 25 19 In regard to the word subject {as well as the word object} one convenience is - that it may be used in the plural number. It is in contradistiction to /This word to the [...?]/ which the word field that this convenience belongs to it is the word field. For a group of numerous and comparatively small entities, the word field will not, either in the singular or in the plural, conveniently serve; but to this same purpose the word subject, if employed in the plural, is perfectly well adapted. If beneath the imagined line of action you have need to bring to view not merely one extensive fictitious immoveable body, but a multitude of smaller moveable bodies lying on it, here comes an occasion for the use of both these terms: viz. field and subject, or subjects: the field is the extensive immoveable entity, the subjects the comparatively numerous and less extensive bodies, fixed or lying loose upon the surface of it. In the place of the word field, as well as in place of the word subject the words subject matter may be employed: so also in the plural subject matters. But if in addition to an extensive surface you have to bring to view a group /multitude/ of smaller bodies stationed on it and if in that case instead of the word field you employ the word subject-matter, you will find that you can not commodiously after laying down your subject matter have subjects stationed on it. 47
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Title: [28 July 1814 [also: Aug. 1814 and 21 Sept]Description: 28 July 1814 [also: Aug. 1814 and 21 Sept. 1814] Logic 1 Ch.2. End etc. '.6. Subject Field 3 1 1. Aug. 1814 Postpone this topic till after Operations - perhaps till after Faculties Object accordingly at every step to cover the whole field, as a pond or stream is endeavoured to be covered with dragnets; to cover the whole of the ground [...?] of which covered by Aristotle, Bacon and Locke As to its field or subject - the subject on which its operations are performed - it is neither more nor less than the entire field of human thought and action. In it is included /accordingly/ the whole field of art and /science and/ science: in it is moreover included the field of ordinary i.e. unscientific thought and ordinary i.e. unartificial action or say practice: together with /including/ the whole contents of these /that/ respective fields /field/: viz. all the subjects not only of human action but of human thought. all entities not only real but fictitious not only all real entities, but all fictitious ones that have ever been feigned, or remain capable of being feigned: fictitious entities - those necessary products /points/ of the imagination without which fictitious /unreal/ as they are, language could not - scarcely could even thought, be carried on: and which, by being embodied as it were in a name /in names/, and thus put upon a footing with real ones, have been /are/ so apt to be mistaken for real ones. Thus in one or other of these two divisions the whole field of human thought and action is included /comprehended/. 21 Sept. 1814. Logic which has for the object of its exercize and endeavours the the [sic] rational faculty is the art of applying reason with the utmost possible advantage to all the subjects to which it is capable of being applied of being made to apply itself. On the one hand, artificial action or practice and scientific thought - on the other hand ordinary /trivial/ or inartificial practice and ordinary /trivial/ or unscientific thought and ordinary /trivial/ and inartificial practice - under these two divisions taken together the whole field of human thought as well as the whole field of human action can not, it is evident fail of being comprehended /concluded/. 10
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Title: [23 Sept. 1814 '.1. Logic Ch]Description: 23 Sept. 1814 '.1. Logic Ch.1. Ontology Entities real fictitious &c. '.1. Entities real & fictitious [...?] 2 2 Chapter 2 Fictitious entity (says some one) of such a locution where can be the sense or use ? By the word entity cannot but be represented something that has existence: apply to the same subject the word /adjunct/ fictitious, the effect is to give instruction that it has not any existence. This, then, is a contradiction in terms, a species of locution from which, in proportion as it has any employment, confusion, and that alone, cannot but be the effect. Entities are either real or fictitious, what can that mean ? What but that of entities there are two species or sorts: viz. one which is itself, and another which is neither itself nor anything else ? Instead of fictitious entity, or as synonymous with fictitious entity why not here say - non-entity ? Answer. Altogether inevitable will this seeming contradiction be found. The root of it is in the nature of language: that instrument without which, though of itself it be nothing, nothing can be said, and scarcely can anything be done. 15
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