JB_101_207.xml

Title: [16 Aug. 1814 Logic Ch. Clearness]

Description: 16 Aug. 1814

Logic

Ch. Clearness Exposition

'.3.1. Individualization

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Generic or specific individualization - by this appellative may be distinguished the operation which has place in case where relation /reference/ /regard/ being had to a species /genus/ of objects, as distinguished by a specific /generic/ name, directions /instructions/ are given having for their object the enabling men to determine /causing men to be agreed in determining/ by /within/ what limits or bounds an individual when designated by and under that name shall be considered as limited, so as to be distinguished from all objects which are regarded as liable to be confounded with it; or concerning /in relation to/ any aggregate /individual/ likely to be considerded as comprehended under /designated by/ that name, of what elements that aggregate shall be considered as composed.

The field of law is the field in which the demand for this mode of individualization for this mode of exposition is most copious and most urgent - and its use /the use of it/ most manifest /conspicuous/ and the utility of it most obvious and incontestable. (a)

Note (a)

(a)  Give Examples

 Add in text, Instruments of individualization for physical /moveable/ physical objects, conjunct portions of time and space and time. Axiom. No two portions of matter can exist at the same portion of time in the same portion of space.

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JB_101_254.xml

Title: [[Copyist's hand] Jan y. 1811 +]

Description: [Copyist's hand]

Jan y. 1811 +

Logic

Ch. │ │ Exposition modes of

'. │ │ Individuation

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Individuation is the exposition of a term significative of an individual in as much as it is significative of an individual.

Individuation is the marking out by description, of the boundaries indicative of circumstances of place and time by which one individual is distinguished from all others of the same species.

Individuation is the description of an individual of any species in as far as there may be difficulty in distinguishing it from other individuals whether of the same or of a different species which are contiguous in place.

Individuation is either individual or generic.

Individual individuation shews how to distinguish any given individual object from any other object that is liable to be taken for a part - a con-divident part of it. Ex. gr. This house. Is this grate a part of the house or a fixture belonging to it?

Generic individuation shews how to distinguish from any sort of thing, other sorts of things that are liable to be confounded with it. Ex. gr. In regard to a house - say, a dwelling house in general, what objects are to be considered as constituting so many parts of the house, what other objects are to be considered as fixtures attached to it, but distinct from it: i.e. capable of being detached from it without ceasing to be an entire house.

Suppose an individ. really existing distinguished from all others by a name, how by the descr. given of him is that individual to be distinguished from all others of the same species? Is it by saying this is the individual who at a certain point of time occupied a certain place but this must be not large enough to contain 2 indi. of the sp. in question at the same time.

[101-254v] [Copyist's hand]

Suppose we say it was the person who on 1 st Jan y 1826 at 12 at noon was sitting in the room called the study in Q.S.P. If at that moment of time there was no other person in that same room, the individual in question will thus be distinguished from all other persons say for ex. J. Neal, but if another individual, R. Doane was sitting at that same moment in that same room, this descr. will not suffice to distinguish the one from the other. Now suppose in that same room a box just large enough to hold a man and no more introduced for the purpose of an experiment, a coffin for ex. Say then J. Neal is the man who at the time above expressed was lying in the coffin abovementioned. The mode of descr. termed individuation will then with regard to him have been completely and unquestionably exemplified.

The indication of the mother [...?] in case of twin individualities.

So the being in any official situation doing any as it which no person was doing at the time in question.

JB_101_277.xml

Title: [1816. June 26 Language Constitutional]

Description: 1816. June 26

Language Constitutional Code or Penal

Form

Ch. │ │ Exposition mod

diva

'. │ │ Exposition modes

+ 1. What words require definition.

2. By what words definition can be given.

+ 3. Exposition - its object or end in view.

Neologism: 1. its uses: 2. its misuses: 3. its most advantageous modes.

 Before the Practical use of Logic thus applied security of rights. - Serving[?] against wrongs and punishment.

Ch. │ │ or '. │ │ Of the several modes of exposition: and in particular of Definition.

End in view or object of exposition, or say exposition matter.

The art termed exposition has for its object the causing in so far as possible the same ideas to be by the word or words in question presented to and conceived by the modes concerned.

For this purpose different forms or modes require to be employed according to the nature and import of the word, in relation to which this operation is performed.

The most commonly employed of all is that mode which is commonly[?] regarded as expressed by its word definition.

In the language of antient Logic it is stiled definitio per genus et differentiam.

It consists in an indication given of a certain class of objects to which the object in question is declared to belong - that class being designated by a denominater stiled a generic name: but the case being such that the object in question is not the only object which belongs to that class - some mark is at the same time attached, as indicative of some property which is possessed by the object in question and not possessed by any other individual or sub-class of objects included in that same class.

Here then by the bye, we have two subclasses formed by the division of any one class - of the one class in question whatever it be. But as this class is divisible into two classes say subclasses so may each of these subclasses be divided each into two bissubclasses, each bissubclass into trisubclasses, and so on without end.

[Side note:]

 Take notice in proper place that the narrational[?] system thus necessitated will form the shortest and most improper objection that can be made by persons [...?] in the abuses [...?]: it may therefore serve as a test of sincerity or discernment on the part of the objectors and of the estimate formed by them of the intellectual aptitude of those for whose eyes or ears the communicable mode of the objection is designed. An objection on this ground is a certificate of impregnability in favour of the system thus constructed[?].

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