JB_101_222.xml

Title: [23 Aug. 1814 '.2. Logic Ch]

Description: 23 Aug. 1814 '.2.

Logic

Ch. Paraphrasis &c.

'.2. Exemplification

Obligation &c.

5

2

An obligation (viz. the obligation of conducting himself in a certain manner,) is incumbent on a man, (i.e. is spoken of as incumbent on a man) in so far as, in the event of his failing to conduct himself in that manner, pain, or loss of pleasure, is considered as about to be experienced by him.

- In this example

1. The exponend, or say the word to be expounded, is an obligation.

2. It being the name not of a real, but only of a fictitious entity, and that fictitious entity not having any superior genus, it is considered as not susceptible of a definition in the ordinary shape, per genus et differentiam, but only of an exposition in the way of paraphrasis.

3. To fit it for receiving exposition in this shape, it is in the character of the subject of a proposition, by the help of the requisite compliments made up into a fictitious proposition. These compliments are, 1, the predicate, incumbent on a man; 2, the copula is; and of these when thus added to the name of the subject, viz. obligation, the fictitious proposition which requires to be expounded by paraphrasis, viz. the proposition An obligation is incumbent on a man, is composed.

4. Taking the name of the subject for the basis, by the addition of this predicate, incumbent on a man, and the copula is, the phrase is completed, the operation called phraseoplerosis, or /i.e./ completion of the phrase is performed.

5. The source of the explanation thus given by paraphrasis, is the idea of eventual sensation, as expressed by the names of the different and opposite modes of sensation, viz. pain and pleasure, with their respective equivalents, and the designation of the event, on the happening of which such sensation is considered as being about to take place.

6. The

152

JB_101_217.xml

Title: [26 Aug. 1814 '.1 + Logic Ch]

Description: 26 Aug. 1814 '.1 +

Logic

Ch Paraphrasis etc.

'.1. Explanation

1

1

Ch.7. Of Exposition by Paraphrasis with its subsidiary operations, viz. Phraseoplerosis and Archetypation.

'.7 Explanation of these modes of exposition, and of the case in which they are necessary.

Paraphrasis is that mode of exposition which is the only instructive mode, where the thing expressed in /being/ the name of a fictitious entity, has not any superior in the scale of logical subalternation.

Attached to and /Connected, and that/ necessarily connected with Paraphrasis, is an operation, for the designation of which the word Phraseoplerosis /Phraseoplerosis/ (i.e. the filling up of the phrase,) may be employed.

By the word Paraphrasis may be designated that sort of exposition which may be afforded by transmuting into a proposition, having for its subject some real entity, a proposition which has not for its subject any other than a fictitious entity.

Nothing has no properties. A fictitious entity being, as this its name imports, being, by the very supposition, a mere nothing, cannot of itself have any properties: no proposition by which any property is ascribed to it can, therefore, be in itself, and of itself, a true one, nor, therefore, an instructive one. Whatsoever of truth is capable of belonging to it cannot belong to it in any other character than that of the representative - of the intended and supposed equivalent and adequate succedaneum, of some proposition having for its subject some real entity.

147

JB_101_218.xml

Title: [23 Aug. 1814 Logic Ch Paraphrasis]

Description: 23 Aug. 1814

Logic

Ch Paraphrasis

'.1. Explanation

2

2

Of any such fictitious entity, or fictitious entities, the real entity with which the import of their respective appellatives is connected, and on the import of which their import depends, may be termed the real source, efficient cause, or connecting principle.

In every proposition by which a property or affection of any kind is ascribed to an entity of any kind, real or fictitious, three parts or members are necessarily either expressly or virtually included, viz. 1. a subject being the name of the real or fictitious entity in question; 2. a predicate by which is designated the property or affection attributed or ascribed to that subject, and 3. the copula or sign of the act of the mind by which the attribution or ascription is performed.

By the sort of proposition here in question, viz. a proposition which has for its subject some fictitious entity, and for its predicate the name of an attribute attributed to that fictitious entity, some sort of image - the image of some real action or state of things, in every instance, is presented to the mind. This image may be termed the archetype, emblem, or archetypal image appertaining to the fictitious proposition, of which the name of the characteristic fictitious entity constitutes a part.

In so far as of this emblematic image indication is given, the act or operation by which such indication is given, may be termed archetypation.

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