date

1816. June 26 Language Constitutional
1816. June 26

Language Constitutional Code or Penal

Form

Ch. │ │ Exposition mod

diva

'. │ │ Exposition modes

+ 1. What words require definition.

2. By what words definition can be given.

+ 3. Exposition - its object or end in view.

Neologism: 1. its uses: 2. its misuses: 3. its most advantageous modes.

 Before the Practical use of Logic thus applied security of rights. - Serving[?] against wrongs and punishment.

Ch. │ │ or '. │ │ Of the several modes of exposition: and in particular of Definition.

End in view or object of exposition, or say exposition matter.

The art termed exposition has for its object the causing in so far as possible the same ideas to be by the word or words in question presented to and conceived by the modes concerned.

For this purpose different forms or modes require to be employed according to the nature and import of the word, in relation to which this operation is performed.

The most commonly employed of all is that mode which is commonly[?] regarded as expressed by its word definition.

In the language of antient Logic it is stiled definitio per genus et differentiam.

It consists in an indication given of a certain class of objects to which the object in question is declared to belong - that class being designated by a denominater stiled a generic name: but the case being such that the object in question is not the only object which belongs to that class - some mark is at the same time attached, as indicative of some property which is possessed by the object in question and not possessed by any other individual or sub-class of objects included in that same class.

Here then by the bye, we have two subclasses formed by the division of any one class - of the one class in question whatever it be. But as this class is divisible into two classes say subclasses so may each of these subclasses be divided each into two bissubclasses, each bissubclass into trisubclasses, and so on without end.

[Side note:]

 Take notice in proper place that the narrational[?] system thus necessitated will form the shortest and most improper objection that can be made by persons [...?] in the abuses [...?]: it may therefore serve as a test of sincerity or discernment on the part of the objectors and of the estimate formed by them of the intellectual aptitude of those for whose eyes or ears the communicable mode of the objection is designed. An objection on this ground is a certificate of impregnability in favour of the system thus constructed[?].

183
Similar Items
  • Title: [16 Aug. 1814 Logic Ch. Clearness]
    Description: 16 Aug. 1814

    Logic

    Ch. Clearness. Exposition

    '. 4.2. definition etc.

    8

    1

    '.4. Modes of Exposition where the subject is a class.

    C.7. '.6.

    1. Definition, meaning the sort of operation and correspondent work ordinarily understood by that name. 2. Operations and works incidentally employed as preliminary and preparatory to that of definition, say preparatory operations. 3. Operations incidentally employed as subsequential and supplementary to that of definition, say supplementary operations. 4. Operations which, in certain cases in which the purpose cannot be accomplished by definition - understand by definition in that same form, require to be performed in lieu of it, - say succedaneous operations. By one or other of these subordinate appellations may the operation of exposition, in every shape of which it is susceptible, it is believed, be designated.

    137
  • Title: [[paper dated 1826 - who wrote this ?]]
    Description: [paper dated 1826 - who wrote this ?]

    Logic

    B.II. Operations

    Ch.II. Modes of Exposition

    1. Representation

    2

    easy and consist merely in the pointing to the object in question and pronouncing at the same time the word which it is wished to be attached to it as its name. This is exposition by signs and may be termed representation. Among persons who have no common language by which they can communicate their ideas this is at first the only practicable method and we see it continually exemplified when we either teach a child to speak, or instruct in our own language a foreigner who can understand no words with which we are acquainted, and who does not possess, or cannot make use of dictionaries or any other written explanation of our words.

    Next to these names of real entities, perceptible and present, those which are the most readily expounded by representation, are names of collective fictitious entities. By representing successively a number of objects comprehended in the collective fictitious entities, - book, plant, &c., we may easily succeed in attaching to those words in the learner's mind, a general idea of the sense we attach to them, and which, though at first very vague and imperfect, will, at any rate, serve as the groundwork of the discourse by which a clearer and more correct exposition may subsequently be given.

    A generic idea once formed, the meaning of words indicative of specific differences, may be deduced from it; still, by mere representation, not perhaps the substantive names of that class of fictitious entities called relations, but those abbreviate words called adjectives, which designate at once the relation or property, and the fact of its being attributed to the object represented. A great book, a little book, a yellow flower, a red flower, &c., may be thus expounded, whilst the explanation of the words greatness and smallness, colour, &c., may require one or other of the species of discourse which are comprehended among the other modes of exposition.

    As yet, however, we have but substantives and adjectives, and without verbs, no discourse can be held, - no farther

    131
  • Title: [17 Aug. 1814 Logic Ch Clearness]
    Description: 17 Aug. 1814

    Logic

    Ch Clearness Exposition

    '.4.2 Definition etc.

    The genus represented by a word which is the name of that aggregate, in which all the other aggregates of the nest to which it belongs are contained and included, has no genus which is superior to it; it is, therefore, in its nature incapable of receiving a definition; meaning always that mode of exposition which, in modern practice, seems to be universally understood by that name.

    Meantime the class of words which are in this sense of the word incapable of receiving exposition in that shape are among those, in the instance of which the demand for exposition is the most imperious. For these then that mode of exposition is necessary to which, by the description of succedaneous modes of exposition, reference has just been made, and of which an account will presently be endeavoured to be rendered.

    Yet of these words which are all of them incapable of receiving a definition, in effect definitions are very generally, not to say universally wont to be given with a degree of unconcern and confidence, not inferior to that with which the operation is attended, when the subject upon which it is performed, is with the strictest propriety susceptible of operation in that shape /mode/. Of the sort of shape in which these abstruse examples shew themselves /make their appearance/ an account will be given presently.

    139