date

21 Aug 1814 Logic 2
21 Aug 1814

Logic

2

Ch. Division

'. Synthesis and Analysis

correspond not

2

If of this extent the amplitude be in a certain degree considerable, the aggregate idea, of which that appellative is the sign, will hardly have been formed, but that, antecedently to its formation, some other aggregate idea or ideas less ample in extent, and in their whole extent contained within the one in question will also have been formed; formed, and by their respective appellatives designated and determeined /fixed/.

Thus in a country in which human society has reached /attained/ /risen in the scale of civilisation, attained/ the pastoral state, an appellative correspondent to the word animal will scarcely have been formed, till after the two appellations, corresponding respectively to the words man and sheep, have been formed and brought into use: By the observation of the properties which are possessed by all men, and not possessed by any sheep, the aggregate idea expressed by the word man will have been formed: by the observation of the /those/ properties which are possessed by all sheep and not possessed by any man the aggregate idea expressed by the word sheep will have been formed.

In the instance of man / man/, the properties, which are common to all men, can never have been presented to the senses of any man, but, at the same time, the properties, by which the several different men that have come under observation, have differed from each other, have also and at the same time respectively been presented to his senses /sense/. The respective aggregates composed of the several simple ideas presented by each of these men respectively may be termed individual aggregates. The aggregate composed of the several simple ideas drawn alike from the contemplation of all these several men, and fixed and designated by the classical term man, may be termed a classical aggregate. (a)

Note

(a) To this purpose classical is preferred to general: class having /bringing/ /bringing in/ no such determinate ration {to species} as genus bears to /is in/ species.

206
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    In the formation of the idea /aggregate idea/ corresponding /designated/ to the term man - in the formation of the classical psychical aggregate termed man, the attention has turned itself aside from all the several simple ideas presented alike /that have alike been presented/ by the abovementioned individual aggregates, turning itself at the same time, and therefore confining itself to such of those simple ideas as have been presented by every individual of /belonging to/ that class comprised /comprehended/ under that appellation /appellative/; and those to which it has thus exclusively turned itself and confined itself it may be said by so doing to have abstracted i.e. drawn off from the rest. It is thus that, to the process or operation or process by which in this way {these} classical aggregates are formed, the term abstraction has been applied, and to the classical aggregates themselves, the term abstract ideas, as well as /in coordination /in opposition to and/ with that of/ general ideas.

    These explanations premised, the time may have come for observing, that, where of the name of a classical aggregate the extent is to a certain degree considerable, it will scarcely have been formed but by a repetition /repeated perfromances /exercises// or repetiotion of the process of abstraction, a certain number /cluster/ of ideas having been first abstracted or as it were distilled from the cluster contained in the several individual i.e. physical aggregates, and from the product of this first distillation others drawn off to compose what may be termed a classical aggregate of the 2nd stage from the bottom, from this product of the 2nd distillation others again drawn off to compose an aggregate of the 3rd order /stage from the bottom/, and so on.

    207
  • Title: [21 Aug 1814 Logic Ch. Division]
    Description: 21 Aug 1814

    Logic

    Ch. Division

    '. Synthesis and Analysis

    correspond not

    4

    From /By/ certain terms, which, in the description of this process, have sometimes been employed, (viz. synthesis and analysis) it seems as if it had been taken for granted that the two operations thus denominated were each of them the exact counterpart and converse of the other: that the stages passed over in the one process and in the other would every where and on all occasions be exactly the same, consequently and the number of those stages likewise: and that whatsoever had by synthesis been put together, the putting of that asunder - of that of all that, as far as it /they both/ went/ and no more than that, was that of /in/ which analysis [...?] /the operation performed by analysis/.

    Wide indeed from the truth of the case would any such conception however be found. Few have /Small has/ probably been the number of the successive operations of the kind in question, viz. abstractions by which - correspondently small the /that of/ number of the steps at which /stages on /in passing/ or through which/ the idea of the most amply extensive classical aggregate of which the mind is capable of forming to itself the /an/ idea, has in this way been formed. Of this most extensive aggregate, termed by the logicians of antiquity the genus generalissimum, being or existence or entity, is the name. Five or at the utmost six has accordingly been the number of steps successively taken by the mind in its ascent towards this most exalted pinnacle: five, or, at the utmost, six, the number of stages at which it has stopped. Of these abstractions, these distillations, these steps, these stages, the number corresponds to and is indicated by the number of the ramifications exhibited by the famous Porphyrian Tree and of these operations and their results, indication has been given, and at the same time recordation made, by the names respectively employed for the designation of the classical aggregates of different amplitudes which have been their respective products.
  • Title: [16 Nov r. 1815 Chrestom ? Language]
    Description: 16 Nov r. 1815

    Chrestom ? Language

    IV. Noun[?]

    Properties of the first order or primary properties - properties of the second order or secondary properties - under these different classes may be ranked all the several properties desirable in language or discourse taken at large.

    By properties of the first order understand all such properties as are in a direct way respectively conducive to one or other of all the several sorts of ends to the accomplishment of which language is in any part of it on any occasion capable of being employed and directed: and which supposing them possessed, need not for that purpose the intervention or addition of any other properties.

    These last will be found to be properties not belonging to language at large, but properties belonging in greater or less degree to this or that particular language.

    By properties of the second order understand such properties as are indeed conducive to the same ends, but no farther nor any otherwise than as being respectively contributory to the endowing of the language with one or more of the properties above designated and distinguished by the appellative name of properties of the first order.

     Find out here and enumerate[?] the several different sorts of ends or purposes with a view to which so many distinguishable properties may be desirable on the part of language, taking not of the different occasions in which the same end may be view.