date

7 Aug. 1814 B + Logic 1
7 Aug. 1814 B +

Logic

1

Ch. │ │ Methodization

'. │ │ Subjects of Denominants

5

 Note the different distances at which they stand from reality.

Ex. gr. 1. Motions. 2. Qualities. 3. Virtues. 4. Vices.  Infidelity to call virtue an empty name.

Physical and psychical - under one or other of these two denominations may all fictitious entities be comprized.

Let us commence with physical.

1. A motion - motion motion[?]. In the physical world, in the order of approach to real existence; next to matter stands motion. But motion itself is spoken of as if it were matter; - and in truth because in no other way, such is the nature of things and such is the nature of language - in no other way can it - could it have been - spoken of.

A ball - the ball called the earth - is said to be in motion. By this word in, what is it that is signified? Answer - that motion is a receptacle, i.e. a hollow substance: and that in this hollow substance the ball called the earth is lodged.

A motion or the motion we say of a body. The body is one portion of matter: the motion is another which proceeds of that is from that substance.

Of names of motions - i.e. of names of species, or modifications of motion - vast not to say infinite is the number and variety.

Genus generalissimum is a term employed by the Logicians of old to indicate the name of any one of those aggregates which is not contained in any other aggregate that hath as yet received a name.

The idea of motion necessarily supposes that of a moving body: a body which is in the motion or in which the motion is: necessarily supposes, i.e. without the one idea, at any rate without the one image, the others cannot be entertained.

The idea of motion does not necessarily suppose that of another body, or the idea of the motion of another body, or the idea of another body from which, or from the motion of which, the motion in question proceeds or did proceed. The planets, that they are in motion, is matter of observation: whence the motion took its rise is matter of inference or rather of vague conjecture. On the earth's surface we see various bodies in the act of deriving motion from various primum mobiles. But the primum mobile, if any, from which the earth itself derived the motion in which it is at present, what can we so much as conjecture in relation to it?

283
Similar Items
  • Title: [[Copyist's hand] Jan y 1811 Copied]
    Description: [Copyist's hand]

    Jan y 1811 Copied

    Logic Ars traditiva[?]

    Ch.│ │ Subjects, viz. Entities

    6. Real entities are either, 1. such as have existence and that a separate existence - viz. substances. 2. Such as have an existence but not a separate one, viz. motions and situations. 3. Such as have no real existence: viz. qualities &c.}

    7. Abstract entities can no otherwise be expressed than by fiction. Thus a billiard ball is said to be in motion, or motion in a billiard ball; or two billiard balls in a situation.

    8. Two objects - two billiard balls considered in successive moments, have been either at different distances from one another or at the same distance: in the first case, they are in motion, in the second case, at rest.

    9. Motion can no otherwise be defined than by diversity of distance, the portion of matter interposed between them being at one time of one length, at another time of another. Different distances are judged of by a comparison which is simultaneous; one moment I can place no more than one piece of wood of an inch long between the two balls, the next moment I can place two such pieces.

    Language.

    10. In a direct manner, words can not in any direct way represent any other events than what are quiescent: motion they can not represent. It is with Language in this respect as it is with Painting.

    11. In all propositions, composed of or concerning fictitious and abstract entities, there are two events concerned: 1. the real event typified. 2. the fictitious event which is the archetype. The former is typified, i.e. indicated, denoted, by the analogy which the latter has with it.

    12. The proposition which announces the event typified may be termed the plain or unfigurative proposition: the other, the figurative proposition.
  • Title: [20 Aug. 1813 Logic 1]
    Description: 20 Aug. 1813

    Logic

    1

    Ch. Language

    I. Physical fictitious

    8

    5. Motion. 6. Rest. 7. Action. 8. Passion.

    At every step the subject of consideration becomes more and more complicated.

    Rest is the absence or negation of motion. Every body is either in motion, or at rest. Here place, i.e. relative space is still the archetype. Motion is a thing an imaginary, an involuntarily imagined substance in which the body is conceived as being placed: rest a like body, at which the real body is considered as being placed.

    In the idea /consideration/ /notion/ of motion that of time is moreover involved; and again that of place, as being that in which the idea of time is, by the like necessity, involved.

    In motion a body cannot have been but it must have been in two different places, at or in two different, which is as much as to say, in two successive portions of time.

    For the space of time in question, i.e. for a portion of time composed of those same portions which were operative in the case of motion, the body has been at rest, in so far as in all that space or length of time it has not changed its place with reference to any others.

    Taken in the aggregate, in so far as can be concluded, either from observation or from analogy in the way of inference, no body whatsoever is, or ever has been, or ever will be, absolutely in a state of rest, i.e. without being in motion with reference to some other body or bodies.

    25
  • Title: [2 Oct. 1814 C Logic 16 1]
    Description: 2 Oct. 1814 C

    Logic

    16 1

    Ch.2. Ontology

    Entities classed

    50

    16

    Material, formal, efficient, final - by these in the language of the Aristotelian schools - by these even in the higher forms of common language so many different species of causes are considered as designated.

    Neither incapable of being applied to practice - nor of being ever applied with advantage, these distinctions present, in this place, a just claim to notice. The relation they bear to the foregoing expositions, will now be brought to view.

    Matter and form - both these, it has been seen, are necessary to existence, meaning to real and that physical existence to the existence of a physical body.

    1. By material cause is indicated the matter of the body in question, considered in so far as it is regarded as contributing to the production of the effect in question.

    2. By formal cause, the form of the same body.

    3. By efficient cause must be understood, in so far as any clear and distinct idea is attached to the term, the matter of some body or bodies: what is meant to be distinguished by it may, in general, be supposed to be the motion of that body, or assemblage of bodies, which is regarded as the principal motion, - the motion which has the principal share in the production of the effect.

    But to the production of the effect - meaning a physical effect - whatsoever it be, a correspondent and suitable disposition of the circumjacent non-moving bodies is not (it has been seen) less necessary than a correspondent and suitable motion, or aggregate of motions, on the part of the moving body.

    72