date

8 Aug. 1814 Logic Ch. │ │ Methodization
8 Aug. 1814

Logic

Ch. │ │ Methodization

'. │ │ Subalternation Scale

4

Zoology is 1. anthropology. 2. herterozoology.[?]

To anthropology belong two scales of disorders: viz. 1. physical order of beng, diseases. 2. psychical, pernicious or otherwise obnoxious acts, including affairs, transgressions, crimes, modes of action.

In each of these kingdoms, between the two points, viz. the highest and the lowest, degrees are placed in any number according to the demand constituted by the state and condition of the science, in respect of cultivation and advancement.

For the formation, {fixation} and designation of these degrees, the name of the kingdom giving name always to the highest aggregate, the course taken {in systematical order} has usually been to begin with the highest {i.e. of course} the most capacious receptacle.

From this, in order to obtain lesser and inferior aggregates, stationed in so many lower levels, it became necessary to have recourse to division; division, say psychical or logical division, was the operation necessarily employed /received[?]/.

In every branch of art and science, the use of definition is universally felt and acknowledged. But, to definition, at any rate in the usual sense of the word, division - psychical or logical division - is a necessary preliminary or accompaniment. In that sense, by definition is meant the indication of a larger aggregate, in which the aggregate in question (the aggregate for the name of which definition is required) is comprized; together with the indication of some property or properties by which the aggregate in question stands distinguished from whatsoever other aggregates are likewise comprized under that same larger aggregate: distinguished, to wit in this manner: viz. that the property so indicated does appertain to the lesser aggregate in question, but does not appertain to those other lesser aggregates from which it is required to be distinguished.

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  • Title: [9 Aug. 1814 Logic Ch. │ │ Methodization]
    Description: 9 Aug. 1814

    Logic

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    Take, for example, this definition of the species man. Man is a rational animal. By the word animal indication is given of the larger aggregate within which the aggregate in question, the aggregate indicated by the word man is comprehended. By the word rational is indicated a quality or property which is considered as appertaining at birth at least, and abstraction made of particular accidents, to all individuals comprehended within the name of that lesser aggregate in question, viz. man, and not appertaining to any other individuals comprized within the name of the greater aggregate animal.

    But, for this purpose, and on this occasion, and if not antecedently - by this means, here is a larger aggregate psychically or logically divided: divided into two lesser and component aggregates: to the one of these two aggregates application is made of a name: viz. the name man is given: to the remaining aggregate, no name is in and by this same operation, given - it is left without a name. (a)

    Note (a) developenda

    (a)  Thus by every definition per genus et differentiam a bifurcate division is made: the greater aggregate is divided into two forks or arms. But of that one of the arms to which a name is given, a property, and that a characteristic one, is bought to view: it is thereby placed in the light: whereas of that which constitutes the other arm no such property is brought to view: it is left in the dark.

    In a bifurcate division, expressed in the only form in which it is at the same time shewn to be exhaustive, viz. in the contradictional form, both arms are placed, at least as nearly as may be possible in an equally strong light: though of the two arms that which is expressed positively, and that which is expressed negatively, the light in which the former is thereby expressed will naturally be in general the clearer, and thence the stronger.

    308
  • Title: [8 Aug. 1814 + Logic Ch. Methodization]
    Description: 8 Aug. 1814 +

    Logic

    Ch. Methodization

    '. Subalternation Scale

    1

    C.10

    '.8 Of Scales of or in Logical Subalternation.

    In the whole field of human thought and action, so many aggregates as we have occasion to form and to distinguish in the character of genera generalissima, so many are the different scales of logical subalternation.

    In the aggregate which has entity for its name, all other imaginable aggregates are comprehended.

    Entities are either physical or psychical.

    Physical are either real or fictitious.

    Psychical again are either real or fictitious; real psychical are either present to sense, perceptive, i.e. impressions; or present to memory, i.e. ideas. Ideas are either single or say concrete, simple or particular - formed without abstraction; or general, i.e. aggregate, formed by abstraction.

    Psychical fictitious entities may be distinguished - i.e. the aggregate composed of the entities termed psychical fictitious entities may be divided according to the faculties to which they respectively bear relation.

    304
  • Title: [8 Aug 1814 Logic Ch. Division]
    Description: 8 Aug 1814

    Logic

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    1

    Write up this in conjunction with title Methodization.

    Ch.

    Of Division

    Physical and Psychical - by /under/ /to/ one or other of these two epithets may every possible mode of division be referred /comprised/: physical, where the subject matter to be divided - say the dividend - is a natural / physical/ body or aggregate; psychical, where it is a psychical or say an ideal aggregate: viz. any aggregate of objects individually assignable or unassignable, for the designation of which a common name or say appellation has been provided.

    Of these modes, the former /the physical/ is the only original and proper mode. It is the archetype of the other. The ideal aggregate is feigned to be - is considered as being a body - a mass of matter; any number of lesser aggregates into which, they being contained in it it is considered as being capable of being resolved, are considered as so many parts into which it is considered as capable of being divided.

    Of these two modes, the psychical is the only one that belongs to the present design: the only one employed in the exercise of the art of Logic. In an institute of that art the other /the physical/ would not have had any title to a place, had it not been for the light which it may serve to throw upon - the explanation which it may help /serve/ to give of the psychical which has been deduced from it.

    192