JB_101_017.xml

Title: [11 Aug. 1814 Ch.1 + Logic 1]

Description: 11 Aug. 1814 Ch.1 +

Logic

1

Language

Ch. 1. Operations

'.1. Operations, their precedence

- its limitations

Ch.

Of Discourse or Language in general - Operations which in its character of an art are performable in relation to it.- Qualities which in every language are desirable in it.

'.1. Operations performable in relation to discourse or Language considered in its character of an art - learning - practising - teaching - improving.

In speaking of art in general a mention has been already made of the several operations performable in relation to it: viz. teaching, learning, employing, and improving, and of the order of priority which seems to have been planted as it were by the hand of Nature, as between those several operations: warning has at the same time been given of the limitations necessary to be applied to all propositions connative[?] of that order {of precedence} and of the practical ill consequences that have never ceased to result from the want of due attention to the propriety of these limitations - to the considerations which call for the observance of those limitations - to the practical mischiefs which have been the result of the non-application of these limitations.

Applying to art in general these same instructions would be found applicable with indisputable propriety to that master art, the art of discoursing, of which the product [is] discourse itself or language. The art itself - the fruit or produce of it - the instrument of it - of this as of every other art, of eveything that bears the name of art - in all these distinguishable howsoever intimately connected senses are both these words - discourse and language wont to be applied.

 Quære whether to pursue the enquiry further under this head. Refer to Ch.│ │ Of Art in general.

JB_102_311.xml

Title: [25 Aug. 1814 Logic Language]

Description: 25 Aug. 1814

Logic

Language

Ch. 1. Operations performable

2

Teaching, learning, practising - by /on the occasion of the use made of/ the names by which these several operations {considered as having language for their common subject} are designated, the state in which language is tacitly and impliedly considered as being taken in hand, and made the subject of the operation, is the exact state in which it happens to be at the time: by improvement, in so far as it is considered as having /taking/ place, the language is considered as being brought out of that state into a better.

A language, like any other work or subject, a language is good in proportion as the several qualities, which, on any account, are desirable in it, are found to be in it.

In the instance of language, what those qualities are, it will be the business of the next chapter /section/ to endeavour to show.

As to improvement, it has two distinguishable subjects: 1. The work itself, language; 2. The several other operations, viz. teaching, learning, and employing performable in relation to that work.

Of these operations, teaching and learning are correlative; and, for the reception of any improvement, of which the mode of performing them is susceptible, they must wait hand in hand. But, in both these instances, improvement considered as applied to the instrument itself, and improvement considered as applied to the mode of teaching and learning, are perfectly distinguishable.

In regard to employing, on the occasion of improvements, relative to the employing the work, improvements considered as made in the work itself, and improvements considered as made in relation to the mode of employing it in the character of an instrument of discourse, will be apt to coincide, and become difficultly, if at all distinguishable.

33

JB_101_146.xml

Title: [11 Oct. 1814 + '.4. Logic Ch]

Description: 11 Oct. 1814 + '.4.

Logic

Ch.4.IV.V.VI.VII. Functions &c.

'.4.VII. Functions

11

1

'.4.VII. Functions of Logic - or, Functions to the performance or exercise of which, in relation to other arts and sciences, Logic gives direction and assistance.

By the word functions, if it be not considered as an exact synonym to the word operations, the mind will naturally be led to the idea of the sort of person expressed by its conjugate functionary - a functionary, considered in the character of a person, by whom in virtue of some special engagement taken or task undertaken by him, these several operations will, in the prosecution of some special design or other, in relation to this or that subject or subjectmatter, have come to be performed.

1. Learning - 2. Using, practising, employing, or applying - 3. Teaching - 4. Improving - viz. the acquirement in question - the art - the science - to one or other of these heads may be referred whatsoever courses of operations, considered as having for their ideal subjectmatter any branch of art or science, have been in use to be considered as capable by the name of functions any or all of them capable of being at the same or different times exercised by the same hand, but all of them capable of being considered as the work of so many different hands, or if of the same hand, at different points of time.

Of the course or mode of action for the designation of which the word operation was employed, some there may be that may be found preeminently or even exclusively applicable to this or that branch of art or science, inapplicable to this or that other.

Of the more extensive courses of action for the designation of which the word function is here employed, there is not one that is not alike applicable without exception or distinction to every branch of art and science.