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29 July 1814
Logic
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Ch.2 End &c.
3. Operations
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(a) 3 dec 1815 Several more now observed - [...?][...?][...?]
Of the six /seven or more/ distinguishable mental operations (a) to the performance of each language, now that it is formed, is instrumental and subservient, - viz. l. Perception; 2. Recollection; 3. Attention, &c.; 4. Abstraction, whence imagination and invention; 5. Judication; 6. Designation; and 7. Converse, or communication of ideas; this of communication of ideas is but one. Look back upon these others, and you will see there is scarcely one of them to which, in respect of this its intransitive use, to which, in the character of a spring, as well as a regulator of thoughts, language, {if not indispensably necessary} is not, in an eminent degree, subservient.
{Of this proposition, the truth will appear in a still stronger and stronger light as the thread of the present discourse advances.}
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Title: [28 July 1814 Logic Ch.2 Ends]Description: 28 July 1814 Logic Ch.2 Ends &c. 20 7 In regard to language, two very /perfectly/ distinguishable functions have been brought to view - the intransitive and the transitive. In respect of its intransitive function, it, as it were, amalgamates itself with thought - it forms no more than a sort of clothing to thought. In respect of its transitive function, it is the medium of communication between one mind and another, or others. 29
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Title: [29 July 1814 Logic 2]Description: 29 July 1814 Logic 2 Ch.2 End &c. 3. Operations 21 8 (a) The transitive was the only original use. + But as to them consult Locke &c. So much more conspicuous {however} is the transitive use of discourse or language, that, in comparison with it, the intransitive seems scarcely to have obtained notice. (a) + In importance however it is second only to the transitive use. By its transitive use the collection of these signs is only the vehicle of thought; by its intransitive use it is an instrument employed in the creation and fixation of thought itself. Unclothed as yet in words, or stripped of them, thoughts are but dreams: like /as/ the shifting clouds of the sky, they float in the mind one moment, and vanish out of it the next. But for these fixed and fixative signs, nothing that ever bore the name of art or science could ever have come into existence. Whatsoever may have been the more remote and recondite causes, it is to the superior amplitude to which, in respect of the use made of it in his own mind, man has been able to extend the mass of his language, that, as much as to anything else, man, it should seem, stands more immediately indebted for whatsoever superiority in the scale of perfection and intelligence he possesses, as compared with those animals who come nearest to him in this scale. Without language, not only would men have been incapable of communicating each man his thoughts to other men, but, compared with what he actually possesses, the stock of his own ideas would, in point of number, have been as nothing; while each of them, taken by itself, would have been as flitting and indeterminate as {those of the animals which he deals with at his pleasure.} 56
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Title: [26 July 1814 '.7.VI + Logic]Description: 26 July 1814 '.7.VI + Logic Ch.3.III. Operations '.7.VI. Communication of ideas 17 1 1. Purposes for which it is employ'd {1. Teaching or Information. 2. Enquiring. 3. Persuading by address to undisturbed judgement. 4. d o. by address to Passion, Emotion, Affection, &c. Information - viz. 1. of the general state of things present, past, future.} 2. of events - i.e. actions or other motions present, past or future. {3. Of the import of words. Information concerning the import of words is Propositio[?]. See Ch. its modes 4. Consultation for the purpose of 1. Recollection. 2. Judgment.} 14 Oct. 1814. Quere whether to leave in this place the doctrine of Signs, or to post it off to { Ontology}, to Methodization,{?} or to { Language}? V. Class VI. Operations, by the performance of which, by means of the operation of designation, and expression, communication of the ideas formed in one mind, is made to, and these ideas are as it were transferred into, another. 1. Discourse or discoursing. In the course of this operation, ideas, having been in one mind formed or lodged, and therein associated with and as it were attached and fastened to certain of the signs, of which discourse or language is composed, are out of that mind expressed, i.e. pressed out, for the purpose of their being received into - or say finding reception in - another. 1. Signs by means of which the operation is performed. - 2. Minds to which, and modes in which application is made of these signs,- from these two sources taken together, may the operation be seen to[?] receive whatsoever modifications it admitts of. A difference, in the nature of the signs capable of being employed, is produced by a correspondent difference in the nature of the sense: of that one of the five senses to which the discourse is made to address itself.
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